Spatial Features Transformation of Emission from Motor Vehicles in Moscow
https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-75
Abstract
The article examines changing volumes of emission from vehicles by administrative and municipal districts of Moscow. In Moscow automobile transport is the general source of pollution, it produces more than 93% of allover, and this is the absolute maximum of impact for Russian cities and regions. In 2011-2017, it was the first time when the growth of motorization was noticed against background of reduce of pollution due to modernization of car park and new quality of petrol. Total gross emission from vehicles decreased four times. Shifts in the factors defining spatial specifics of distribution of pollution from vehicles are revealed. Assessments of air pollution based on information of all Moscow streets provides estimations for 93 thousand low-level city areas. One of the research result revealed a high correlation between changes of pollution density and changes in transport infrastructure including developing of public transportation, modernization of car park structure. Spatial uniformity of pollution from vehicles has become the main trend of recent years. Programs of the new housing construction and large-scale projects aimed at the transformation of the districts increase the transport connectivity of the city. Administrative decisions on the traffic intensity reduction in the central districts decrease territorial differentiation of pollution. Transport and planning structure at the level of the city, the district, and the area is the defining characteristic. An attempt to solve the transport problem through the transformation of the street road network complicates the application of innovative techniques for combatting air pollution in Moscow.
Keywords
Moscow,
vehicles,
transport networks,
emission,
ecology,
pollution areas,
transport modelling,
environment
Supporting agencies: The work was supported by the Russian Scientific Foundation (project No. 19-77-30004).
About the Authors
Viktoria R. Bityukova
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography
Leninskiye Gory, 119991, Moscow
Nikita A. Mozgunov
Lomonosov Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography
Leninskiye Gory, 119991, Moscow
References
1. Azarov V.K., Kutenev V.F., Stepanov V.V. (2012). On the emission of particulate matter by vehicles, Ecology, №6 (77) pp. 55-58 (in Russian with English summary)
2. Basic Indicators of Environmental Protection--2017 (online) Federal State Statistics Service, http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b_oxr17/Main.htm. [Accessed 02.12.2018]
3. Bityukova V., Sokolova E. (2008). On the brink of collapse Moscow's tangled traffic// Osteuropa: Zeitschrift fuer Gegenwartsfragen des Ostens. v. 58. № 4–5. Р. 351-358+493
4. Bityukova V., Savoskul M., Kirillov P., Koldobskaya N. (2016). Transformation of environmental problems in Moscow: sociological dimension // GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY, № 4, рр. 74-87
5. Bityukova V.R. (2019). Socio-environmental problems of the development of Russian cities. Moscow: Editorial URSS. (in Russian with English summary)
6. Bityukova V.R., Kasimov N.S., Vlasov D.S. (2011). Ecological Portraits of Russian Cities. Ecology and Industry of Russia, № 4, pp. 6-18 (in Russian with English summary)
7. Bityukova V.R., Mahrova A.G., and Sokolova E.P. (2006). Ecological situation as a factor in the differentiation of housing prices in Moscow, Moscow University Bulletin. Series 5. Geography.; 6, pp. 31-41. (in Russian with English summary)
8. Blinkin M., Koncheva E. (eds.), (2016), Transport systems of Russian cities: Ongoing transformation. Transformation research, economics and policy series. – Springer
9. Database of municipal indicators 2006-2018 (online) Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/bd_munst/munst.htm [Accessed 02.12.2019]
10. Database on the forms of statistical tax reporting 2006-2018 (Report on the tax base and the structure of excise tax accruals on cars and motorcycles) (online) Federal tax service of Russia https://www.nalog.ru/rn38/related_activities/statistics_and_analytics/forms/#t00 [Accessed 02.03.2019]
11. Demographic Yearbook. 2000-2018. (online) Federal State Statistics Service, http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/business/trans-sv/t3-4.xls [Accessed 02.03.2019]
12. Department of Natural Resources and Environmental Protection of Moscow (2002, 2018) Report on the state of the environment in the city of Moscow in 2002-2018. https://www.mos.ru/eco/documents/doklady/ [Accessed 02.03.2019]
13. Department of nature management and environmental protection of the city of Moscow State of the Environment Report in Moscow in 2017 (2018) (online) https://www.mos.ru/eco/documents/doklady/view/217165220/ [Accessed 11.07.2018]. (in Russian with English summary)
14. Department of nature management and environmental protection of the city of Moscow State of the Environment Report in Moscow in 2002 (2003) (online) https://www.mos.ru/eco/documents/doklady/view/217165220/ [Accessed 11.07.2018]. (in Russian with English summary)
15. Environmental protection in Russia —2016, 2017, 2018 (online) Federal State Statistics Service. http://www.gks.ru/bgd/regl/b16_54/Main.htm. [Accessed 02.12.2018]
16. GOST 56162-2014, 2014, (Emissions of pollutants into the atmosphere. Method of calculating emissions from motor vehicles when conducting summary calculations for urban settlements). Moscow: «Standartinform» (in Russian)
17. Hovavko I.Yu. (2012). Internalization of external effects of vehicles (on the example of Moscow) Moscow University Bulletin. Series 6. Economy. № 1, pp. 74-84 (in Russian with English summary)
18. Isalou A.A., Litman T., Shahmoradi B. (2014). Testing the housing and transportation affordability index in a developing world context: a sustainability comparison of central and suburban districts in qom, Iran TRANSPORT POLICY, Elsevier Science Publishing Company, Inc. рр. 33-39
19. Kichendzhi V., Khatoyama K. (2010). Moscow: transport problems of the metropolis. Moscow: Nauka (in Russian with English summary)
20. Kosheleva N.E., Dorokhova M.F., Kuzminskaya N.Y., Ryzhov A.V. and Kasimov N.S. (2018) Impact of motor vehicles on the ecological state of soils in the western district of Moscow. Moscow University Bulletin. Series 5. Geography. №2, рр. 16-27. (in Russian with English summary)
21. Litman T. (2002). Transportation Cost Analysis: Techniques, Estimates and Implications (online) Victoria Transport Policy Institute Website. June. URL: http://www.vtpi.org/tca/tca00.pdf/ [Accessed 11.12.2018]
22. Parsaev E.V., Malyugin P.N. Teterina I.A. (2018). Metodology for the calculation of emissions for non-stationary transport flow, The Russian Automobile and Highway Industry Journal, vol. 15, № 5. , рp. 686-697.
23. Popov A A. (2007). Territorial differentiation of the quality of the urban environment in Moscow, Moscow University Bulletin. Series 5. Geography.; 4 pp. 29—36. (in Russian with English summary)
24. Regions of Russia. Annual Update (The number of owners of cars in the regions of the Russian Federation per 1000 people) 2000-2018. (online) Federal State Statistics Service, http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/business/trans-sv/t3-4.xls [Accessed 02.12.2018]
25. Revich B.A. (2018), Fine suspended particles in atmospheric air and their impact on the health of residents of megalopolises // PEMME, vol. ХХIX, № 3, pp. 53-78 (in Russian with English summary)
26. Revich B.A., Kuznetsova O.V. (Ed.), (2018), Man in a megacity: the experience of interdisciplinary research. Moscow: LENAND. -640 p. (in Russian with English summary)
27. Rodrigue J.-P. (2017) The Geography of Transport Systems. New York: Routledge.
28. The concept of assessing the level of development of urban agglomerations (2016) (online) The Institute for Urban Economics Foundation http://www.urbaneconomics.ru/sites/default/files/koncepciya_ocenki_urovnya_razvitiya_gorodskih_aglomeraciy_13.01.17.pdf [Accessed 02.03.2019]
29. Transport of Russia (2015) (online) Federal State Statistics Service, http://www.gks.ru/free_doc/new_site/business/trans-sv/t3-4.xls [Accessed 02.03.2019]
30. Vuchik V.R. (2011). Transportation in cities suitable for life. Moscow: Territoriya budushchego (in Russian with English summary)
31. Yakshin A.M. (1975) Prospects for the development of a network of urban highways. Moscow: Strojizdat (in Russian)
32. Yakushev, AB, Kurolap, SA, Karpovich, MA, (2013), Environmental Impact Assessment of Automobile Transport on the Air Basin of the Cities of the Central Black Soil Region -Voronezh: "Scientific Book"(in Russian with English summary)
Review
For citations:
Bityukova V.R., Mozgunov N.A. Spatial Features Transformation of Emission from Motor Vehicles in Moscow. GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY. 2019;12(4):57-73. https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2019-75
Views:
1602
Email this article 