Effects Of The 2015–2016 El Niño Event On Energy And CO2 Fluxes Of A Tropical Rainforest In Central Sulawesi, Indonesia
https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2018-88
Abstract
The influence of the very strong 2015–16 El Niño event on local and regional meteorological conditions, as well as on energy and CO2 fluxes in a mountainous primary tropical rainforest was investigated using ERA-Interim reanalysis data as well as meteorological and eddy covariance flux measurements from Central Sulawesi in Indonesia. The El Niño event led to a strong increase of incoming monthly solar radiation and air temperature, simultaneously with the increasing Niño4 index. Monthly precipitation first strongly decreased and then increased reaching a maximum in 3–4 months after El Niño culmination. Ecosystem respiration increased while gross primary production showed only a weak response to the El Niño event resulting in a positive anomaly of net ecosystem CO2 exchange (reduced CO2 uptake). The changes of key meteorological parameters and fluxes caused by the strong El Niño event of 2015–16 differed from the effects of moderate El Niño events observed during the period 2003-2008, where net ecosystem CO2 exchange remained largely unaffected. In contrast to earlier moderate El Niño events, the strong El Niño 2015–16 affected mostly the air temperature resulting in a weakening of the net carbon sink at the rainforest site in Central Sulawesi, Indonesia.
About the Authors
Daria Gushchina
Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography.
Moscow.
Florian Heimsch
University of Goettingen
Germany
Germany
Bioclimatology.
Goettingen.
Alexander Osipov
Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography.
Moscow.
Tania June
Bogor Agricultural University
Indonesia
Indonesia
Department of Geophysics and Meteorology.
Bogor.
Abdul Rauf
Universitas Tadulako
Indonesia
Palu.
Indonesia
Palu.
Heiner Kreilein
University of Goettingen
Germany
Germany
Bioclimatology.
Goettingen.
Oleg Panferov
University of Applied Sciences
Germany
Germany
Department of Climatology and Climate Protection, Faculty of Life Sciences and Engineering.
Bingen am Rhein.
Alexander Olchev
Moscow State University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
Faculty of Geography.
Moscow.
Alexander Knohl
University of Goettingen
Germany
Germany
Bioclimatology.
Goettingen.
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Review
Supporting agencies: The study was supported by the German Research Foundation (DFG) under the projects "Stability of Rainforest Margins in Indonesia", STORMA (Collaborative German-Indonesian Research Center CRC 552), "Ecological and Socioeconomic Functions of Tropical Lowland Rainforest Transformation Systems (Sumatra, Indonesia)" (Collaborative German-Indonesian Research Center CRC 990) and “BaririFlux” (KN 582/8-1), as well as by Lomonosov Moscow State University (grant No. АААА-А16-116032810086-4). The authors would like to thank Pak Dudin, Pak Ore, Ibu Aiyen Tjoa, Dietmar Fellert and Edgar Tunsch for assistance with field measurements
For citations:
Gushchina D., Heimsch F., Osipov A., June T., Rauf A., Kreilein H., Panferov O., Olchev A., Knohl A. Effects Of The 2015–2016 El Niño Event On Energy And CO2 Fluxes Of A Tropical Rainforest In Central Sulawesi, Indonesia. GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY. 2019;12(2):183-196. https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2018-88
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