gesjGEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITYGEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY2071-93882542-1565Russian Geographical Society10.15356/2071-9388_01v09_2016_01gesj-89Research ArticleGEOGRAPHYГеографияBIOSPHERIC ORGANIZATION AS A “CONTINENTS – OCEANIC BASINS” SYSTEMGorshkovSergei P.spgor-smir@yandex.ruMochalovaOlga I.face@neicon.ruDubna UniversityRussian FederationLLC Design Office – Centre for Environmental InitiativesRussian Federation20160103201691420Copyright © Gorshkov S.P., Mochalova O.I., 20162016Gorshkov S.P., Mochalova O.I.Gorshkov S.P., Mochalova O.I.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/89

The functional characteristics of the biosphere are reflected in its binominale frame: continents – oceanic basins. The river-basin land, on the one hand, and pericontinental oceanic waters on the other hand, are the main components of the homeostatic mechanism of the biosphere. In the Archean and Early-Middle Proterozoic, seawater biofiltration did not exist. In the Late Proterozoic and part of the Early Paleozoic, biofiltration started to develop and the oceans have become the main heat-engine of the Earth. Today, the maximum concentration of productive phytoplankton and zooplankton – filter bio-systems – is in the pericontinental oceanic zones. This is a response to the maximal flow of nutrients from the land carried mainly with river flow. This is the main signal of a direct link between terrestrial and oceanic ecosystems. The feedback is the atmospheric precipitation induced by heat and moisture flows and carried from the oceans to the land within its primary river-basin part. These links are experiencing anthropogenic destabilization due to some misplaced priorities of sustainable development and its implementation.

biospherehomeostasisbiospheric organizationframe of the biosphereriverbasin landphytoplanktonbiofiltrationanthropogenic destabilizationReferencesBazilevich, N.I., Rodin, L.Ye., and Rozova, N.N. (1971) Skolko vesit zhivoye veshchestvo planety? (How Much Does the Living Matter of the Planet Weigh?), Priroda 1, 46–53.Bazilevich, N.I., Rodin, L.Ye., and Rozova, N.N. (1971) Skolko vesit zhivoye veshchestvo planety? (How Much Does the Living Matter of the Planet Weigh?), Priroda 1, 46–53.Barskov I.S. (2010) Paleontologiya i ekologiya (Palenotology and Ecology) // Nauka o Zemle: geoecologiya. Ucheb. Posobiye (otv red A.V. Smurov, F.I. Vasilevich, M.I. Nepoklonova, V.M. Makeeva). 2-е izd., pererab. М.: KDU, p. 362–378.Barskov I.S. (2010) Paleontologiya i ekologiya (Palenotology and Ecology) // Nauka o Zemle: geoecologiya. Ucheb. Posobiye (otv red A.V. Smurov, F.I. Vasilevich, M.I. Nepoklonova, V.M. Makeeva). 2-е izd., pererab. М.: KDU, p. 362–378.Bart T.F. (1962) Idei o vzaimootnoshenii osadochnykh i izverzhennuch porod (Concepts on the relationship between sedimentary and igneous rocks) // Geokhimiya. № 4. С. 296–299.Bart T.F. (1962) Idei o vzaimootnoshenii osadochnykh i izverzhennuch porod (Concepts on the relationship between sedimentary and igneous rocks) // Geokhimiya. № 4. С. 296–299.Budyko M.I., Ronov A.B., Yanshin A.L. (1985) Istoriya atmosphery (History of the Earth’s Atmosphere). L.: Gydrometeoizdat. 208 с.Budyko M.I., Ronov A.B., Yanshin A.L. (1985) Istoriya atmosphery (History of the Earth’s Atmosphere). L.: Gydrometeoizdat. 208 с.Vernadsky V.I. (1926) Biosfera (Biosphere). L.: Nauchnoye khimiko-technicheskoye izd-vo. 376 с.Vernadsky V.I. (1926) Biosfera (Biosphere). L.: Nauchnoye khimiko-technicheskoye izd-vo. 376 с.Vernadsky V.I. Problemy biogeokhimii. (Problems of biogeochemistry) М.: Nauka, 1980. 320 с.Vernadsky V.I. Problemy biogeokhimii. (Problems of biogeochemistry) М.: Nauka, 1980. 320 с.Gordeev V.V. (2012) Geokhimiya systemy reka-more (Geochemistry of the river-sea system). M.: OOO “SamPoligrafist. 452 p.Gordeev V.V. (2012) Geokhimiya systemy reka-more (Geochemistry of the river-sea system). M.: OOO “SamPoligrafist. 452 p.Gorshkov S.P. (1975) Tektonosfera, ekzogennyye protsessy I zhivoye veshchestvo (Tectonosphere, exogenous processes, and living matter). Izv. AN SSSR, ser.geogr. № 4. pp. 20–34.Gorshkov S.P. (1975) Tektonosfera, ekzogennyye protsessy I zhivoye veshchestvo (Tectonosphere, exogenous processes, and living matter). Izv. AN SSSR, ser.geogr. № 4. pp. 20–34.Gorshkov S.P. (1982) Ekzodinamicheskiye protsessy osvoyennykh territoriy (Exogenous processes of developed territories). M.: Nedra. 286 p.Gorshkov S.P. (1982) Ekzodinamicheskiye protsessy osvoyennykh territoriy (Exogenous processes of developed territories). M.: Nedra. 286 p.Gorshkov S.P. (2001) Kontseptualnyye osnovy geoekologii (Conceptual fundamentals of geo-ecology) 2 е izd., dop. M.: Zheldorizdat. 570 p.Gorshkov S.P. (2001) Kontseptualnyye osnovy geoekologii (Conceptual fundamentals of geo-ecology) 2 е izd., dop. M.: Zheldorizdat. 570 p.Gorshkov S.P. (2007) Ucheniye o biosfere. Vvedeniye. (Biosphere science). M.: Izd-vo MGU, 2007. 118 p.Gorshkov S.P. (2007) Ucheniye o biosfere. Vvedeniye. (Biosphere science). M.: Izd-vo MGU, 2007. 118 p.Dedkov A.P., Mozzherin V.I., Stupishin A.V. I dr. (1977) Klimaticheskaya geomorfologiya denudatsionnykh ravnin (Climatic geomorphology of denudation plains). Kazan: Izd-vo Kazan. un-ta. 224 p.Dedkov A.P., Mozzherin V.I., Stupishin A.V. I dr. (1977) Klimaticheskaya geomorfologiya denudatsionnykh ravnin (Climatic geomorphology of denudation plains). Kazan: Izd-vo Kazan. un-ta. 224 p.Zolotokrylin A.N. (2003) Klimaticheskoye opustynivaniye (Climatic desertification). M.: Nauka. 246 p.Zolotokrylin A.N. (2003) Klimaticheskoye opustynivaniye (Climatic desertification). M.: Nauka. 246 p.Tricart J. et Cailleux A. (1959) Problema klassifikatsii geomorfologicheskikh yavleniy. Voprosy klimaticheskoy i strukturnoy geomorfologii (The problem of classification of geomorphological phenomena. The issues of climatic and structural geomorphology). M.: Izd-vo inostrannoy literatury. pp. 32–66.Tricart J. et Cailleux A. (1959) Problema klassifikatsii geomorfologicheskikh yavleniy. Voprosy klimaticheskoy i strukturnoy geomorfologii (The problem of classification of geomorphological phenomena. The issues of climatic and structural geomorphology). M.: Izd-vo inostrannoy literatury. pp. 32–66.Kondratiev K.Ya., Krapivin V.F. (2004) Modelirovaniye globalnogo krugovorota ugleroda (Modeling of the global carbon cycle). M.: Fizmatlit. pp. 336.Kondratiev K.Ya., Krapivin V.F. (2004) Modelirovaniye globalnogo krugovorota ugleroda (Modeling of the global carbon cycle). M.: Fizmatlit. pp. 336.Kononovich E.V., Moroz V.I. (2001) Obshchiy kurs astronomii. Uchebnoye posobiye (Fundamentals of Astronomy. Textbook). M.: URSS, 2001. 542 p.Kononovich E.V., Moroz V.I. (2001) Obshchiy kurs astronomii. Uchebnoye posobiye (Fundamentals of Astronomy. Textbook). M.: URSS, 2001. 542 p.Kranke A.N., Zolotokrylin A.N. (1984) Issledovaniye roli tipov rastitelnosti vo vzaimodeistvii podstilayushchey poverkhnosti i atmosfery (Assessment of the role of vegetation types in the relationship between geological substrate and the atmosphere) // Izv. AN SSSR, ser. Fizika atmosfery i okeana. Т. 20, № 11. pp. 1081–1088.Kranke A.N., Zolotokrylin A.N. (1984) Issledovaniye roli tipov rastitelnosti vo vzaimodeistvii podstilayushchey poverkhnosti i atmosfery (Assessment of the role of vegetation types in the relationship between geological substrate and the atmosphere) // Izv. AN SSSR, ser. Fizika atmosfery i okeana. Т. 20, № 11. pp. 1081–1088.Krestovsky O.I. (1986) Vliyaniye vyrubok i vosstanovleniya lesov na vodnost rek (Influence of forest cutting and regeneration on the rate of stream flow). L.: Gidrometeoizdat. 118 p.Krestovsky O.I. (1986) Vliyaniye vyrubok i vosstanovleniya lesov na vodnost rek (Influence of forest cutting and regeneration on the rate of stream flow). L.: Gidrometeoizdat. 118 p.Lisitzin A.P. (2004) Potoki osadochnogo veshchestva i zagryazneniy v mirovom okeane I metody globalnogo monitoringa (Flows of sediment matter and pollution in the World’s ocean and global monitoring methods) // In: Stokgolm, Rio, Yokhannesburg: vekhi krizisa. Chteniya pamyati akademika A.L. Yanshina. M.: Nauka. pp. 133–193.Lisitzin A.P. (2004) Potoki osadochnogo veshchestva i zagryazneniy v mirovom okeane I metody globalnogo monitoringa (Flows of sediment matter and pollution in the World’s ocean and global monitoring methods) // In: Stokgolm, Rio, Yokhannesburg: vekhi krizisa. Chteniya pamyati akademika A.L. Yanshina. M.: Nauka. pp. 133–193.Lisitsina K.N. (1974) Stok vzveshennykh nanosov rek Sibiri (Sediment suspension discharge of Siberian Rivers) // Tr. Gos. gidrogicheskogo in-ta. Vyp. 210. pp. 48–72.Lisitsina K.N. (1974) Stok vzveshennykh nanosov rek Sibiri (Sediment suspension discharge of Siberian Rivers) // Tr. Gos. gidrogicheskogo in-ta. Vyp. 210. pp. 48–72.Marsh G. (1886) Chelovek i priroda, ili O vliyanii cheloveka na izmeneniye fiziko-geograficheskikh usloviy prirody (Man and nature, or About human influence on physicalgeographical natural conditions). SPb. 472 p.Marsh G. (1886) Chelovek i priroda, ili O vliyanii cheloveka na izmeneniye fiziko-geograficheskikh usloviy prirody (Man and nature, or About human influence on physicalgeographical natural conditions). SPb. 472 p.Mirovoy vodnyi balans i vodnyye resursy Zemli (1974) (The world’s water balance and water resources of the Earth). L.: Gidrometeoizdat. 638 p.Mirovoy vodnyi balans i vodnyye resursy Zemli (1974) (The world’s water balance and water resources of the Earth). L.: Gidrometeoizdat. 638 p.Nezhikhovsky R.A. (1971) Ruslovaya set basseina i protsess formirovaniya stoka vody (Basin channel network and processes of water discharge formation). L.: Gidrometeoizdat. 475 p.Nezhikhovsky R.A. (1971) Ruslovaya set basseina i protsess formirovaniya stoka vody (Basin channel network and processes of water discharge formation). L.: Gidrometeoizdat. 475 p.Newmen A. (1989) Legkiye nashey planety. Dozhdevoy tropicheskyi les – biotope pod samoy bolshoy ugrozoy na Zemle (The lungs of our planet. Rain tropical forest – biotope under the greatest danger on the Earth). M.: Mir. 335 p.Newmen A. (1989) Legkiye nashey planety. Dozhdevoy tropicheskyi les – biotope pod samoy bolshoy ugrozoy na Zemle (The lungs of our planet. Rain tropical forest – biotope under the greatest danger on the Earth). M.: Mir. 335 p.Okeanograficheskaya entsiklopediya (1974) (Oceanographic encyclopedia). L.: Gidrometeoizdat. 631 p.Okeanograficheskaya entsiklopediya (1974) (Oceanographic encyclopedia). L.: Gidrometeoizdat. 631 p.Sidorenko A.V., Tenyakov V.A., Rozen O.M. i dr. (1973) Osnovnyye cherty geokhimii gipergeneza v rannem dokembrii (The main features of geochemistry of hypergenesis of the Early Precambian) // I Mezhd. Geokhim. Congress. Doklady. T. 4, kn. 1. M.: VINITI. pp. 9–27.Sidorenko A.V., Tenyakov V.A., Rozen O.M. i dr. (1973) Osnovnyye cherty geokhimii gipergeneza v rannem dokembrii (The main features of geochemistry of hypergenesis of the Early Precambian) // I Mezhd. Geokhim. Congress. Doklady. T. 4, kn. 1. M.: VINITI. pp. 9–27.Simakov K.V. (2004) K sozdaniyu teorii paleobiosphernogo vremeni (Theorization of paleobiospheric time): V 3 t. / SVNTsO DVO RAN. T. 2. Magadan. 244 с.Simakov K.V. (2004) K sozdaniyu teorii paleobiosphernogo vremeni (Theorization of paleobiospheric time): V 3 t. / SVNTsO DVO RAN. T. 2. Magadan. 244 с.Khain V.E., Koronovsky N.V. (2007) Planeta Zemlya ot yadra do ionosfery. Uchebnoye posobiye (The planet of the Earth from the core to the ionosphere). M.: KDU. 244 p.Khain V.E., Koronovsky N.V. (2007) Planeta Zemlya ot yadra do ionosfery. Uchebnoye posobiye (The planet of the Earth from the core to the ionosphere). M.: KDU. 244 p.Erhard G.P., Sezhen G. (1984) Plankton. Sostav, ekologiya, zagryazneniye (Plankton. Composition, ecology, pollution.). L.: Gidrometeoizdat. 256 p.Erhard G.P., Sezhen G. (1984) Plankton. Sostav, ekologiya, zagryazneniye (Plankton. Composition, ecology, pollution.). L.: Gidrometeoizdat. 256 p.Corbel J. L’erosion terrestre etude quantitative. Methodes. Techniques. Resultats // Ann. Geogr. 1964. Vol. 73, No 398. P. 26–69.Corbel J. L’erosion terrestre etude quantitative. Methodes. Techniques. Resultats // Ann. Geogr. 1964. Vol. 73, No 398. P. 26–69.Diego G., Miralles J.H., Gash T.R. et al. Global canopy interception from satellite observations // J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres. 2010. Vol. 115, D16122, doi: 10.1029/2009JD013530.Diego G., Miralles J.H., Gash T.R. et al. Global canopy interception from satellite observations // J. Geophys. Res. Atmospheres. 2010. Vol. 115, D16122, doi: 10.1029/2009JD013530.Tricart J. et Cailleux A. Traite de Geomorphologie. Vol. 1. Introduction a la Geomorphologie. Paris, 1965. 306 pTricart J. et Cailleux A. Traite de Geomorphologie. Vol. 1. Introduction a la Geomorphologie. Paris, 1965. 306 p

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.