<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gesj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-9388</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-1565</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Geographical Society</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24057/2071-9388-2018-11-4-112-131</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gesj-553</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SUSTAINABILITY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Устойчивое развитие</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>REGIONAL DEVELOPMENT FOR SUSTAINABILITY IN AMAZONIA: CONTROVERSIES AND CHALLENGES</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>De Freitas</surname><given-names>Marcilio</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">freitasufam@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Da Silva Freitas</surname><given-names>Marilene C.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Department of Physics, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus</institution><country>Brazil</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-2"><institution>Department of Social Science, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus</institution><country>Brazil</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>02</day><month>01</month><year>2019</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>112</fpage><lpage>131</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; de Freitas M., da Silva Freitas M.C., 2019</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2019</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">de Freitas M., da Silva Freitas M.C.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">de Freitas M., da Silva Freitas M.C.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/553">https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/553</self-uri><abstract><p>Through a prospective study, structural issues that move Amazonia’s ecological and cultural complexity and its internationalization are analyzed in this article. Its predatory development in a global context permeated by sustainability is presented. It shows that capitalism has no heuristic reach to economically exploit Amazonia preserving its biomes. It prioritizes issues such as: What are the political foundations that permeate Amazonia’s global economic insertion? What are its links with the scientific and technological processes imbricated in worldwide environmentalism? Many proposals and uncertainties concerning Amazonia’s ecological issues are presented. The environmental and social impacts of the large socioeconomic development projects implemented in the region are shown. Technical elements to clarify the sustainability concept and its correlation with the development of Amazonia are presented and analyzed. Amazonia’s importance for the future of Brazil and the mankind, and the controversies on political and economic issues that impede its economic development are also discussed.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Amazonia</kwd><kwd>environment</kwd><kwd>regional development</kwd><kwd>sustainability</kwd><kwd>climate  change</kwd><kwd>Great Railway</kwd><kwd>Highway</kwd><kwd>Mining</kwd><kwd>Hydroelectric Plants</kwd><kwd>Agribusiness In Amazonia</kwd><kwd>Controversies And Challenges</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">A Crítica (31.08.2001). Grilagem de Terras na Amazônia: CPI apresenta relatório final em Manaus. Journal edited in Manaus, Manaus.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">A Crítica (31.08.2001). Grilagem de Terras na Amazônia: CPI apresenta relatório final em Manaus. Journal edited in Manaus, Manaus.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ab’Saber A. (1996). Amazônia. Editora Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, p. 132.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ab’Saber A. (1996). Amazônia. Editora Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, p. 132.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Antony L. (1997). Abundância e Distribuição Vertical da Fauna do Solo de Ecossistemas Amazônicos Naturais e Modificados, in: Projeto Bionte - Relatório Final, edited by Higuchi N., Ferraz J., Antony L., Luizão F., and Biot Y.. Editora do Inpa-MCT, Manaus, Brasil, pp. 225-231.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Antony L. (1997). Abundância e Distribuição Vertical da Fauna do Solo de Ecossistemas Amazônicos Naturais e Modificados, in: Projeto Bionte - Relatório Final, edited by Higuchi N., Ferraz J., Antony L., Luizão F., and Biot Y.. Editora do Inpa-MCT, Manaus, Brasil, pp. 225-231.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bourg D. (2002). Les fondements du développement durable: La limite et les fins, in: Les nouveaux utopistes du développement durable, edited by Ducroux A.-M.. Éditions Autrement-Collection Mutations, Paris, pp. 244-249.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bourg D. (2002). Les fondements du développement durable: La limite et les fins, in: Les nouveaux utopistes du développement durable, edited by Ducroux A.-M.. Éditions Autrement-Collection Mutations, Paris, pp. 244-249.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Canalez G. (2018). Agrossistemas Amazônicos: o valor das florestas. PHD’s thesis, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Canalez G. (2018). Agrossistemas Amazônicos: o valor das florestas. PHD’s thesis, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cruvinel T. (23.09.2000). Brasil, um país megaecológico. Journal A Crítica, Manaus, p. 4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cruvinel T. (23.09.2000). Brasil, um país megaecológico. Journal A Crítica, Manaus, p. 4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubois J.-L. and Mahieu F.-R. (2002). La dimension sociale du développement durable: réduction de la pauvreté ou durabilité sociale? In: Développement durable? doctrines, pratiques, évaluations, edited by Martin J.-Y.. IRD Éditions, Paris, pp. 73-94.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubois J.-L. and Mahieu F.-R. (2002). La dimension sociale du développement durable: réduction de la pauvreté ou durabilité sociale? In: Développement durable? doctrines, pratiques, évaluations, edited by Martin J.-Y.. IRD Éditions, Paris, pp. 73-94.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Flávio L. (1983). Amazônia: o século perdido. Edição Jornal Pessoal, Belém.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Flávio L. (1983). Amazônia: o século perdido. Edição Jornal Pessoal, Belém.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Foot Hardman F. (1988). Trem Fantasma – A Modernidade na Selva. Companhia das Letras, São Paulo, pp. 113-114.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Foot Hardman F. (1988). Trem Fantasma – A Modernidade na Selva. Companhia das Letras, São Paulo, pp. 113-114.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Framework Convention on Climate Change. (November 2016). National greenhouse gas inventory data for the period 1990-2014, in: Framework Convention on Climate Change. United Nations, Marrakech, p. 7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Framework Convention on Climate Change. (November 2016). National greenhouse gas inventory data for the period 1990-2014, in: Framework Convention on Climate Change. United Nations, Marrakech, p. 7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Freitas M. C. S., Freitas M. and Ruiz M. A. (2015). Politique publique pour le développement durable: l’Amazonie. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 28, 2, pp. 192-210.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freitas M. C. S., Freitas M. and Ruiz M. A. (2015). Politique publique pour le développement durable: l’Amazonie. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 28, 2, pp. 192-210.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Freitas M. (2014a). Formation scientifique des peuples amérindiens d’Amazonie et durabilité: proposition et engagements, in: La recherché en education – Pluralité et complexité, Edition spéciale, edited by Marmoz L. and Marmoz R.. L’Harmattan, Paris, pp. 165-174.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freitas M. (2014a). Formation scientifique des peuples amérindiens d’Amazonie et durabilité: proposition et engagements, in: La recherché en education – Pluralité et complexité, Edition spéciale, edited by Marmoz L. and Marmoz R.. L’Harmattan, Paris, pp. 165-174.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Freitas M. and Freitas M. C. S. (2014b). Fragments of utopias from the twenty-first century and Amazonia: projections and controversies. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 27, 3, pp. 275-294.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freitas M. and Freitas M. C. S. (2014b). Fragments of utopias from the twenty-first century and Amazonia: projections and controversies. Innovation: The European Journal of Social Science Research 27, 3, pp. 275-294.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Freitas M. and Freitas M. C. S. (2013a). Sustainability: Man-Amazonia-World. Baltimore: America Star Books.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freitas M. and Freitas M. C. S. (2013a). Sustainability: Man-Amazonia-World. Baltimore: America Star Books.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Freitas M. and Freitas M. C. S. (2013b). Sustainability, Amazonia and environment: propositions and challenges, International Journal of Environmental Studies 70, 4, pp. 467-476.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freitas M. and Freitas M. C. S. (2013b). Sustainability, Amazonia and environment: propositions and challenges, International Journal of Environmental Studies 70, 4, pp. 467-476.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Freitas M. C. S. (2013). Foundations of the solidary culture and sustainability in Amazonia: work and development, in: Sustainability, Man-Amazonia-World, organized by Freitas M. and Freitas M. C. S. America Star Books, Baltimore, pp. 244-275.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Freitas M. C. S. (2013). Foundations of the solidary culture and sustainability in Amazonia: work and development, in: Sustainability, Man-Amazonia-World, organized by Freitas M. and Freitas M. C. S. America Star Books, Baltimore, pp. 244-275.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Garrido Filha I. (1980). O Projeto Jari e os Capitais Estrangeiros na Amazônia. Editora Vozes, Petrópolis.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Garrido Filha I. (1980). O Projeto Jari e os Capitais Estrangeiros na Amazônia. Editora Vozes, Petrópolis.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gash J., Nobre C., Roberts J. and Victoria R. (orgs) (1996). Conclusion: Amazonian Deforestation and Climate. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Chichester, pp. 549-576.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gash J., Nobre C., Roberts J. and Victoria R. (orgs) (1996). Conclusion: Amazonian Deforestation and Climate. John Wiley &amp; Sons, Chichester, pp. 549-576.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Goeldi Museum. (2014). New species are discovered in Amazonia. https://www.museugoeldi.br. Accessed 28 Feb 2014.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Goeldi Museum. (2014). New species are discovered in Amazonia. https://www.museugoeldi.br. Accessed 28 Feb 2014.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Grégoire E. and Monzón L. (2017). Institutionalising CSR in Colombia’s extractive sector: disciplining society, destabilising enforcement? Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d’études du développement 38, 2, pp. 253-271.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Grégoire E. and Monzón L. (2017). Institutionalising CSR in Colombia’s extractive sector: disciplining society, destabilising enforcement? Canadian Journal of Development Studies/Revue canadienne d’études du développement 38, 2, pp. 253-271.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hall A. (1991). O Programa Grande Carajás: gênese e evolução. Editora FASE/NAEA/UFPA, Belém, pp. 38-44.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hall A. (1991). O Programa Grande Carajás: gênese e evolução. Editora FASE/NAEA/UFPA, Belém, pp. 38-44.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Henfrey T. and Ford L. (2018). Permacultures of transformation: steps to a cultural ecology of environmental action. Journal of Political Ecology 25, pp. 104-119.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Henfrey T. and Ford L. (2018). Permacultures of transformation: steps to a cultural ecology of environmental action. Journal of Political Ecology 25, pp. 104-119.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Higuchi N. (2007). Carbono da vegetação do Estado do Amazonas. Printed technical note, Manaus.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Higuchi N. (2007). Carbono da vegetação do Estado do Amazonas. Printed technical note, Manaus.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ióris A. (2017a). Agronegócio no Brasil e na Amazônia, in: Amazônia, edited by Freitas M.. Chiado Editora, Lisboa, pp. 241-242.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ióris A. (2017a). Agronegócio no Brasil e na Amazônia, in: Amazônia, edited by Freitas M.. Chiado Editora, Lisboa, pp. 241-242.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ióris A. (2017b). Amazônia, desenvolvimento, exploração e pobreza, in: Amazônia, edited by Freitas M.. Chiado Editora, Lisboa, pp. 263-304.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ióris A. (2017b). Amazônia, desenvolvimento, exploração e pobreza, in: Amazônia, edited by Freitas M.. Chiado Editora, Lisboa, pp. 263-304.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jesus Silva C. V., Santos J. R., Galvão L. S, Silva R. D. A and Moura Y. M. (2016). Floristic and structure of an Amazonian primary forest and a chronosequence of secondary succession. Acta Amazonica, 46, 2, pp. 133-150.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jesus Silva C. V., Santos J. R., Galvão L. S, Silva R. D. A and Moura Y. M. (2016). Floristic and structure of an Amazonian primary forest and a chronosequence of secondary succession. Acta Amazonica, 46, 2, pp. 133-150.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jornal do Commércio. (10.01.2001). Censo 2000 confirmou. Journal of Amazonas State, Manaus, p. 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jornal do Commércio. (10.01.2001). Censo 2000 confirmou. Journal of Amazonas State, Manaus, p. 8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Klimanova O., Naumov A., Greenfieldt Y., Prado R. B. and Tretyachenko D. (2017). Regional trends of land use and land cover transformation in Brazil in 2001-2012. Geography, Environment, Sustainability, 10(4), pp. 98-116.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Klimanova O., Naumov A., Greenfieldt Y., Prado R. B. and Tretyachenko D. (2017). Regional trends of land use and land cover transformation in Brazil in 2001-2012. Geography, Environment, Sustainability, 10(4), pp. 98-116.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin J. (2013). Industrial Policy Revisited: A New Structural Economics Perspective. Revue d’économie du développement 21, pp. 55-78.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin J. (2013). Industrial Policy Revisited: A New Structural Economics Perspective. Revue d’économie du développement 21, pp. 55-78.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lin J. (2012). New Structural Economics: A Framework for Rethinking Development and Policy. World Bank, Washington.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lin J. (2012). New Structural Economics: A Framework for Rethinking Development and Policy. World Bank, Washington.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lovejoy T. E. and Nobre C. (2018). Amazon Tipping Point. Science Advances, V. 4, N. 2, eaat2340. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat2340</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lovejoy T. E. and Nobre C. (2018). Amazon Tipping Point. Science Advances, V. 4, N. 2, eaat2340. DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aat2340</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McGuffie K., Henderson-Sellers A., Zhang H., Durbidge T. and Pitman A. (1995). Global climate sensitivity to tropical deforestation. Global and Planetary Change 10, pp. 97-128.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McGuffie K., Henderson-Sellers A., Zhang H., Durbidge T. and Pitman A. (1995). Global climate sensitivity to tropical deforestation. Global and Planetary Change 10, pp. 97-128.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Meir P. (1996). The exchange of carbon dioxide in tropical forest. PHD’s thesis, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Meir P. (1996). The exchange of carbon dioxide in tropical forest. PHD’s thesis, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mindlin B. (1990). Le Projet Polonoroeste et les indiens. Ethnies 5, 11, pp. 87-96.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mindlin B. (1990). Le Projet Polonoroeste et les indiens. Ethnies 5, 11, pp. 87-96.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oliveira J. (2000). Cidades na Selva. Editora Valer, Manaus, pp. 159-169.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oliveira J. (2000). Cidades na Selva. Editora Valer, Manaus, pp. 159-169.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oliveira J. P. (Undate). A segurança das fronteiras e o novo indigenismo. Printed notes, Manaus, pp. 311-328.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oliveira J. P. (Undate). A segurança das fronteiras e o novo indigenismo. Printed notes, Manaus, pp. 311-328.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Olivier JosG., Janssens-Maenhout G., Muntean M. and Peters J. (2015). Trends in Global CO2 Emissions: 2015 Report; Background Studies. The Hague, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, p. 16.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Olivier JosG., Janssens-Maenhout G., Muntean M. and Peters J. (2015). Trends in Global CO2 Emissions: 2015 Report; Background Studies. The Hague, Netherlands Environmental Assessment Agency, p. 16.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Paulo A. (19.09.2001). Transporte do gás de Urucu: ONG diz que gasoduto é ameaça. Journal A Crítica, Manaus.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Paulo A. (19.09.2001). Transporte do gás de Urucu: ONG diz que gasoduto é ameaça. Journal A Crítica, Manaus.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rangan H. and Judith C. (2012). Environmental history of botanical exchanges in the indian ocean world. Environment and History 18, pp. 311-342.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rangan H. and Judith C. (2012). Environmental history of botanical exchanges in the indian ocean world. Environment and History 18, pp. 311-342.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rangel A. (2000). A Bacia do Mar Doce. Editora da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, pp. 28-29.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rangel A. (2000). A Bacia do Mar Doce. Editora da Universidade Federal do Amazonas, Manaus, pp. 28-29.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Robbins P. (2012). Political Ecology - A Critical Introduction, 2nd edn. John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd., Chichester, p. 58.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Robbins P. (2012). Political Ecology - A Critical Introduction, 2nd edn. John Wiley &amp; Sons Ltd., Chichester, p. 58.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Salati E. and Vose P. B. (1984). Amazon Basin: A System in Equilibrium. Science 225, 4658, pp. 129-138.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Salati E. and Vose P. B. (1984). Amazon Basin: A System in Equilibrium. Science 225, 4658, pp. 129-138.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Santos R. (13.12.2000). Monitoramento da Amazônia. Journal A Crítica, Manaus, p. 8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Santos R. (13.12.2000). Monitoramento da Amazônia. Journal A Crítica, Manaus, p. 8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Santos S. and Nacke A. (orgs) (2003). Hidrelétricas e Povos Indígenas. Letras Contemporâneas, Florianópolis, p. 47.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Santos S. and Nacke A. (orgs) (2003). Hidrelétricas e Povos Indígenas. Letras Contemporâneas, Florianópolis, p. 47.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schwartz C. (18.04.2001). O maior latifundiário do Brasil: Preso em Manaus, ele tem registro de propriedade de 1,5% do território nacional. Revista Veja, Rio de Janeiro.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schwartz C. (18.04.2001). O maior latifundiário do Brasil: Preso em Manaus, ele tem registro de propriedade de 1,5% do território nacional. Revista Veja, Rio de Janeiro.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silva Ribeiro A. (2018). Olhares inexplorados sobre a Amazônia no Ensino de Física. PHD thesis, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, pp. 362-424.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silva Ribeiro A. (2018). Olhares inexplorados sobre a Amazônia no Ensino de Física. PHD thesis, Federal University of Amazonas, Manaus, pp. 362-424.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Silva Ribeiro J. E. L, Hopkins M. J.G, Vicentini A., Sothers C. A., Costa M. A. S, Souza J. M., Martins M. A. D, Lohmann L. H. P, Assunção L. G, Pereira P. A. G. L, Silva E. C, Mesquita C. F., Procópio M. R and Lilian C. (1999). Flora da Resetrva Ducke. Guia de identificação das plantas vasculares de uma floresta de terra-firme na Amazônia Central. Midas Printing LTd., INPA – DFID, Manaus.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Silva Ribeiro J. E. L, Hopkins M. J.G, Vicentini A., Sothers C. A., Costa M. A. S, Souza J. M., Martins M. A. D, Lohmann L. H. P, Assunção L. G, Pereira P. A. G. L, Silva E. C, Mesquita C. F., Procópio M. R and Lilian C. (1999). Flora da Resetrva Ducke. Guia de identificação das plantas vasculares de uma floresta de terra-firme na Amazônia Central. Midas Printing LTd., INPA – DFID, Manaus.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sioli H. (1991). Amazônia: fundamentos da ecologia da maior região de florestas tropicais. Editora Vozes, Rio de Janeiro.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sioli H. (1991). Amazônia: fundamentos da ecologia da maior região de florestas tropicais. Editora Vozes, Rio de Janeiro.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Souza A. (2000). As Políticas Públicas, Os Grandes Projetos e as Perspectivas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável na Amazônia. Printed notes, Manaus, pp. 34-35.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Souza A. (2000). As Políticas Públicas, Os Grandes Projetos e as Perspectivas de Desenvolvimento Sustentável na Amazônia. Printed notes, Manaus, pp. 34-35.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sua Pesquisa.com (2017). Economic data on Colombia, Peru and Venezuela, in: https://www.suapesquisa.com/paises. Accessed November 12, 2018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sua Pesquisa.com (2017). Economic data on Colombia, Peru and Venezuela, in: https://www.suapesquisa.com/paises. Accessed November 12, 2018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sud Y., Walker G., Kim H., Linton G., Sellers P. and Lau W. (1996). Biogeophysical consequences of the tropical deforestation Scenario: AGCM simulation Study. Journal of Climate 9, pp. 3225-3247.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sud Y., Walker G., Kim H., Linton G., Sellers P. and Lau W. (1996). Biogeophysical consequences of the tropical deforestation Scenario: AGCM simulation Study. Journal of Climate 9, pp. 3225-3247.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Susskind L. (2013). Water and democracy: new roles for civil society in water governance. International Journal of Water Resources Development 29, 4, pp. 666-677.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Susskind L. (2013). Water and democracy: new roles for civil society in water governance. International Journal of Water Resources Development 29, 4, pp. 666-677.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Villaméa L. (2001). Saga Transamazônica. Amazônia 21, 2, 15, pp. 34-41.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Villaméa L. (2001). Saga Transamazônica. Amazônia 21, 2, 15, pp. 34-41.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
