gesjGEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITYGEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY2071-93882542-1565Russian Geographical Society10.24057/2071-9388-2026-4486gesj-5056Research ArticleRESEARCH PAPERСтатьиRemote sensing and geospatial approach for land degradation risk assessment in the costa verde bay southeast of brazilAl AbedMohammad

Lermontova 134, Irkutsk, 664033

vadim.a.pellinen@yandex.ruAlmoustafaTurkia

Lermontova 128, Irkutsk, 664033

NajjarDiyaa

Yantai University, Yantai, 264005

SaboyaMarcos

Lermontova 134, Irkutsk, 664033

PimentelRoberson

Lermontova 134, Irkutsk, 664033

DonagemmaGuilherme

Lermontova 134, Irkutsk, 664033

Ferreira DiasFábio

Lermontova 134, Irkutsk, 664033

V.M. Matrosov Institute of System Dynamics and Control Theory, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationInstitute of the Earth’s Crust, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of SciencesRussian FederationSchool of Mathematics and Information ScienceChina202609102026193165173Copyright © Al Abed M., Almoustafa T., Najjar D., Saboya M., Pimentel R., Donagemma G., Ferreira Dias F., 20262026Al Abed M., Almoustafa T., Najjar D., Saboya M., Pimentel R., Donagemma G., Ferreira Dias F.Al Abed M., Almoustafa T., Najjar D., Saboya M., Pimentel R., Donagemma G., Ferreira Dias F.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/5056

This study examines Olkhon Island, the largest island in Lake Baikal, located within the Pribaikalsky National Park. The research was motivated by growing tourist flows and Russia Tourism Development Strategy through 2035, which includes specially protected natural areas. To assess recreational impacts on soil cover, the authors analyzed visitation statistics, including vehicle and air transport, and described road types and their transformation. Twenty-eight soil samples were collected along an 83 km transect from the Olkhon Island ferry to Cape Khoboy. The ecological and geochemical state was assessed using the concentration coefficient (Kc ), Clark concentration coefficient (Kk-), and the total pollution factor (Saet index, Zc ). Results showed no critical Zc  values (<16). However, after the tourist season (August–October), a statistically significant increase in Zc was recorded at the Buruger checkpoint, Kharantsy, Peschanaya, and Uzury settlements, indicating differentiated transport load distribution in autumn. Geochemical analysis based on Kk  values revealed significant transformations for Cu, Ni, Cr, and V, with increasing trends of 0.06–0.51, possibly due to technogenic load or seasonal migration processes. Co and Zn showed stable values with minimal fluctuations (0.02–0.06), indicating geochemical stability. Benzo(a)pyrene monitoring (May–December 2024) showed significant seasonal differences. During peak tourist season (July), concentrations in Khuzhir and Kharantsy nearly doubled the maximum allowable concentration (20 μg/kg). By October, levels decreased 3–20 times. Benzo(a)pyrene inputs are presumably linked to vehicle emissions. The findings suggest localized changes in soil chemistry due to vehicle impacts, with residual anthropogenic influence from the Soviet period.

soil pollutionautomobile transportroad networkpolycyclic aromatic hydrocarbonsX-ray fluorescence spectrometrypollutant elementThe authors express their gratitude to D.A. Baranovsky, an employee of the Information and Analysis Department of the Federal State Budgetary Institution “Zapovednoye Pribaikalye” (Baikal Nature Reserve), for compiling the cartographic material, V.N. Mitin, an employee of the Scientific Department, and S.A. Mikhalev, an employee of the Operational Group, for their assistance with the fieldwork. The authors express special gratitude to V.V. Nikiforov, General Director of Siberian Light Aviation, for providing data on the number of flights received at the Khuzhir airstrip. 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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.