gesjGEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITYGEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY2071-93882542-1565Russian Geographical Society10.24057/2071-9388-2026-3724gesj-4619Research ArticleRESEARCH PAPERСтатьиThe Influence of Meteorological Factors on Sulfur Dioxide (SO2) and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2) and Prediction Model For Rainwater Acidity Based On Their Concentrations in Jakarta CityNoerMarwah

Geography Department University of Indonesia.

Margonda Raya Street, 16424, Depok; Sisingamangaraja Street No.2, 12014, Jakarta

KusratmokoEko

Sisingamangaraja Street No.2, 12014, Jakarta

KarsidiAsep

Sisingamangaraja Street No.2, 12014, Jakarta

University of Indonesia; Ministry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land AgencyIndonesiaMinistry of Agrarian Affairs and Spatial Planning/National Land AgencyIndonesia2026310320261916271Copyright © Noer M., Kusratmoko E., Karsidi A., 20262026Noer M., Kusratmoko E., Karsidi A.Noer M., Kusratmoko E., Karsidi A.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/4619

In the last few decades, rapid industrial growth and increasing urban traffic density have caused air quality problems, including in Jakarta. One indicator of air pollution is acid rain. Acid rain occurs due to pollutants in the form of SO2 and NO2 reacting with water (H2O). The impact of acid rain, among other things, can damage soil fertility, affect the quality of human life, and damage objects and infrastructure. This research aims to analyze the distribution of SO2 and NO2 spatially and temporally and create a rainwater acidity model based on the distribution of SO2 and NO2 in Jakarta. The distribution of SO2 and NO2 was obtained using remote sensing techniques using Sentinel 5P Satellite imagery. Processing is carried out using GEE. From the results of the bivariate analysis, it is known that the spatial distribution of SO2 is influenced by rainfall and is not influenced by wind speed. Meanwhile, the distribution of NO2 is significantly influenced by rainfall and wind speed. Temporally, the distribution of SO2 in 2023 has the highest value in June, and the distribution of NO2 has the highest value in August. The prediction model for rainwater acidity levels was obtained based on the distribution of SO2 and NO2 in 2023 in Jakarta. The results of multiple linear regression show a correlation between rainwater acidity and the distribution of SO2 and NO2. The correlation coefficient is (-) 0.7305, which means the correlation is in the strong category. The negative correlation explains that the higher the levels of SO2 and NO2, the more acidic the rainwater will be. A value of 13% was obtained in the MAPE calculation, which means the prediction model is included in the good category and can be used to predict rainwater acidity in Jakarta.

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The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.