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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gesj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-9388</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-1565</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Geographical Society</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24057/2071-9388-2025-3627</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gesj-4460</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH PAPER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Nature-Based Solutions: Assessing Urban Greenspace Availability In Iligan City, Philippines</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Velayo</surname><given-names>Audrey Rose A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tibanga, Iligan City 9200</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Suson</surname><given-names>Peter D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tibanga, Iligan City 9200</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Aguilos</surname><given-names>Maricar M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Raleigh, NC   27606</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zhao</surname><given-names>Peng</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Haikou,  570228 Hainan</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bacosa</surname><given-names>Hernando P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Tibanga, Iligan City 9200</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">hernando.bacosa@g.msuiit.edu.ph</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Department of Environmental Science, School of Interdisciplinary Studies, Mindanao State University-Iligan Institute of Technology</institution><country>Philippines</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-2"><institution>Department of Forestry and Environmental Resources, North Carolina State University</institution><country>United States</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-3"><institution>State Key Laboratory of Marine Resources Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University</institution><country>China</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>30</day><month>12</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>18</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>103</fpage><lpage>114</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Velayo A.A., Suson P.D., Aguilos M.M., Zhao P., Bacosa H.P., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Velayo A.A., Suson P.D., Aguilos M.M., Zhao P., Bacosa H.P.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Velayo A.A., Suson P.D., Aguilos M.M., Zhao P., Bacosa H.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/4460">https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/4460</self-uri><abstract><p>The continuous growth of urban areas, driven by population increase and commercial expansion, has led to urban problems like heat islands, pollution, and environmental damage. Greenspaces, defined as ‘green’ areas within cities that offer various advantages for human welfare and environmental quality, have become a vital strategy for addressing these significant urban issues. However, despite their clear advantages, the growth of greenspaces, particularly in the Philippines, is hindered by rapid urbanisation and an overemphasis on built infrastructure. Although extensive research exists on formal urban greenspaces, studies on informal greenspaces, especially within the Philippine context, have been limited. This study defines formal urban greenspaces as officially managed areas, such as parks, and informal urban greenspaces as unmanaged areas, like vacant lots or riverbanks. Surveys were conducted with 187 stakeholders from various sectors in Iligan City to identify their preferred nature-based solutions (NBS) and intervention types. GIS mapping was performed using quickOSM and Google Satellite through QGIS software version 3.4 to gather data on existing urban greenspaces per capita in Iligan City. The collected data were analysed using descriptive and frequency statistics. The findings indicated that mangrove restoration (62%) and urban tree planting (55%) were the most preferred interventions. GIS results showed that 72% of urban barangays failed to meet the WHO’s minimum greenspace standard of 9 m2 per capita, with an average of 5.7 m2 (SD = 2.3). The study recommends that future initiatives should concentrate on developing and expanding formal urban green spaces in the city’s urban barangays by incorporating informal greenspaces into urban planning and improving greenspace management.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Urban green spaces</kwd><kwd>Nature-based solution (NBS)</kwd><kwd>GIS mapping</kwd><kwd>Sustainable urban planning</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors would like to acknowledge the local government of Iligan City for their cooperation and support in completing the data collection for this study. They also thank Mr John Liwanag for his support during the data analysis. 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