<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gesj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-9388</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-1565</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Geographical Society</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24057/2071-9388-2018-11-2-29-45</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gesj-419</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GEOGRAPHY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>География</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>EX-MARE - FORECASTING SYSTEM OF NATURAL HAZARDS IN THE AZOV SEA REGION</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Berdnikov</surname><given-names>Sergey V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>D.Sc. in Geography, Vice-Chairman of the Southern Scientific Center of Russian Academy of Sciences.</p><p>Rostov-on-Don</p><p> </p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dashkevich</surname><given-names>Liudmila V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kulygin</surname><given-names>Valerii V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kulygin@ssc-ras.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sheverdyaev</surname><given-names>Igor V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tretyakova</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Yaitskaya</surname><given-names>Natalia A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Rostov-on-Don</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Federal Research Center - The Southern Scientific Centre of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2018</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>06</month><year>2018</year></pub-date><volume>11</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>29</fpage><lpage>45</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Berdnikov S.V., Dashkevich L.V., Kulygin V.V., Sheverdyaev I.V., Tretyakova I.A., Yaitskaya N.A., 2018</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2018</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Berdnikov S.V., Dashkevich L.V., Kulygin V.V., Sheverdyaev I.V., Tretyakova I.A., Yaitskaya N.A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Berdnikov S.V., Dashkevich L.V., Kulygin V.V., Sheverdyaev I.V., Tretyakova I.A., Yaitskaya N.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/419">https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/419</self-uri><abstract><p>The paper presents approach used for the development of the forecasting system of extreme hydro-meteorological events in the region of the Sea of Azov. Due to numerous dangerous extreme events that occurred in the beginning of XXI century the issue of creation such system has become very relevant and important. The forecasting system, named EX-MARE, was started developing in 2014 as a complex of mathematical models. For each type of hydro-meteorological events, the modeling component was designed. The EX-MARE system is based on a scenario approach implied the consideration a variety of possible futures taking into account the existing uncertainty. Accurate extreme events estimation requires automated monitoring systems and longterm database application. In the paper, the detail description of the system components and the data sources is examined. Three case studies about the sea surges, flash flood and ice conditions researches demonstrate the application of the EX-MARE system and the benefits of its using. Further development of the EX-MARE system assumes adding data on exposure and vulnerability to perform the risk assessment, as well as focusing on multi-hazards exploring methodology.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>extreme hydro-meteorological events</kwd><kwd>forecast system</kwd><kwd>the Sea of Azov</kwd><kwd>flash floods</kwd><kwd>sea surges</kwd><kwd>ice cover</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alekseevskii N.I., Krylenko I.N., Belikov V.V., Kochetkov V.V., and Norin S.V. (2014). Numerial Hydrodynamic Modeling of Inundation in Krymsk on 6–7 July 2012. Power Technology and Engineering. 48(3). pp. 179-186.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alekseevskii N.I., Krylenko I.N., Belikov V.V., Kochetkov V.V., and Norin S.V. (2014). Numerial Hydrodynamic Modeling of Inundation in Krymsk on 6–7 July 2012. Power Technology and Engineering. 48(3). pp. 179-186.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Berdnikov S.V. (2006). Simulation of large-scale changes in oceanographic characteristics of the Sea of Azov ecosystem. In: Regularities of ecosystem processes in the Sea of Azov. Moscow: Nauka. pp. 137–229 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Berdnikov S.V. (2006). Simulation of large-scale changes in oceanographic characteristics of the Sea of Azov ecosystem. In: Regularities of ecosystem processes in the Sea of Azov. Moscow: Nauka. pp. 137–229 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Borsch S.V., Simonov Yu.A., and Khristoforov A.V. (2015). Flood forecasting and early warning system for floods on the rivers of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and the Kuban basin. Proceedings of Hydrometcentre of Russia. 356. pp. 248 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Borsch S.V., Simonov Yu.A., and Khristoforov A.V. (2015). Flood forecasting and early warning system for floods on the rivers of the Black Sea coast of the Caucasus and the Kuban basin. Proceedings of Hydrometcentre of Russia. 356. pp. 248 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chikin A.L. (2009). The two-layer mathematical model of the wind currents in the basin with different level of deep. Mathematical Models and Computer Simulations. 21(12). pp. 152–160.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chikin A.L. (2009). The two-layer mathematical model of the wind currents in the basin with different level of deep. Mathematical Models and Computer Simulations. 21(12). pp. 152–160.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dashkevich L.V., Nemtseva L.D., and Berdnikov S.V. (2016). Assessment of the Sea of Azov ice cover in the XXI century using Terra/Aqua MODIS images and numerical modeling. Current problems in remote sensing of the Earth from space. 13(5). pp. 91-100. DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2016-13-5-91-100 (in Russian with English summary).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dashkevich L.V., Nemtseva L.D., and Berdnikov S.V. (2016). Assessment of the Sea of Azov ice cover in the XXI century using Terra/Aqua MODIS images and numerical modeling. Current problems in remote sensing of the Earth from space. 13(5). pp. 91-100. DOI: 10.21046/2070-7401-2016-13-5-91-100 (in Russian with English summary).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Datsyuk V.N., Krukier L.A., Chikin A.L., and Chikina L.G. (2014). Modeling of extreme flooding in the Don delta on multiprocessor computer systems. Bulletin of the South Ural State University Series Computational Mathematics and Software Engineering. 3(1). pp. 254 – 261 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Datsyuk V.N., Krukier L.A., Chikin A.L., and Chikina L.G. (2014). Modeling of extreme flooding in the Don delta on multiprocessor computer systems. Bulletin of the South Ural State University Series Computational Mathematics and Software Engineering. 3(1). pp. 254 – 261 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dumanskaya I.O. (2013). Method of long-term forecast of ice conditions on the White and Azov Seas, based on the use of statistical modeling. Results of testing new and improved technologies for hydrometeorological forecast models and methods. 40. pp. 41-63 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dumanskaya I.O. (2013). Method of long-term forecast of ice conditions on the White and Azov Seas, based on the use of statistical modeling. Results of testing new and improved technologies for hydrometeorological forecast models and methods. 40. pp. 41-63 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">EC (2011). Risk Assessment and Mapping Guidelines for Disaster Management. European Commission Commission staff working paper, European Union.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">EC (2011). Risk Assessment and Mapping Guidelines for Disaster Management. European Commission Commission staff working paper, European Union.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fomin V.V., Lazorenko D.I., Alekseev D.V., and Polozok A.A. (2015). Storm surges in the Taganrog Bay and the flooding of the Don delta. Ecological safety of coastal and shelf zone of the sea. 1. pp. 74-82 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fomin V.V., Lazorenko D.I., Alekseev D.V., and Polozok A.A. (2015). Storm surges in the Taganrog Bay and the flooding of the Don delta. Ecological safety of coastal and shelf zone of the sea. 1. pp. 74-82 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hydrometeorological conditions of the shelf zone of the seas of USSR. Book 3. Sea of Azov. (1986). Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 218 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hydrometeorological conditions of the shelf zone of the seas of USSR. Book 3. Sea of Azov. (1986). Leningrad: Gidrometeoizdat, 218 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gitelson A.A., Bo-Cai G., Rong-Rong L., Berdnikov S., and Saprygin V. (2011). Estimation of chlorophyll-a concentration in productive turbid waters using a Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean - the Azov Sea case study. Environ. Res. Lett. 6 (2). DOI: 10.1088/17489326/6/2/024023.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gitelson A.A., Bo-Cai G., Rong-Rong L., Berdnikov S., and Saprygin V. (2011). Estimation of chlorophyll-a concentration in productive turbid waters using a Hyperspectral Imager for the Coastal Ocean - the Azov Sea case study. Environ. Res. Lett. 6 (2). DOI: 10.1088/17489326/6/2/024023.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Hall D.K. (2014). Normalized-Difference Snow Index (NDSI). In: D.K. Hall, G.A. Riggs eds. Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers. Springer, pp. 779–780.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Hall D.K. (2014). Normalized-Difference Snow Index (NDSI). In: D.K. Hall, G.A. Riggs eds. Encyclopedia of Snow, Ice and Glaciers. Springer, pp. 779–780.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivanov V.A., Fomin V.V., Cherkesov L.V., and Shul’ga T.Ya. (2008). Modeling of fluctuations in the level of the Sea of Azov caused by wind. Physical Oceanography. 6. pp. 53-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivanov V.A., Fomin V.V., Cherkesov L.V., and Shul’ga T.Ya. (2008). Modeling of fluctuations in the level of the Sea of Azov caused by wind. Physical Oceanography. 6. pp. 53-65.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ivlieva O.V., and Berdnikov S.V. (2005). Recent destruction rates of the Azov beaches in Russia. Geomorphology RAS. (4), pp. 74-83. DOI:10.15356/0435-4281-2005-4-74-83.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ivlieva O.V., and Berdnikov S.V. (2005). Recent destruction rates of the Azov beaches in Russia. Geomorphology RAS. (4), pp. 74-83. DOI:10.15356/0435-4281-2005-4-74-83.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kappes M.S., Keiler M., Von Elverfeldt K., and Glade T. (2012). Challenges of analyzing multihazard risk: a review. Natural Hazards. 64(2). pp. 1925–1958.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kappes M.S., Keiler M., Von Elverfeldt K., and Glade T. (2012). Challenges of analyzing multihazard risk: a review. Natural Hazards. 64(2). pp. 1925–1958.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krukier L.A., Chikin A.L., Chikina L.G., and Shabas I.N. (2009). Modeling of hydrophysical processes in water bodies with large shallow water areas. SFU Publishers: Rostov-on-Don. 244 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krukier L.A., Chikin A.L., Chikina L.G., and Shabas I.N. (2009). Modeling of hydrophysical processes in water bodies with large shallow water areas. SFU Publishers: Rostov-on-Don. 244 p. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kulygin V.V. (2017). Method for estimation of the multi-hazard interactions. Georisk. (2), pp. 30-37 (in Russian with English summary).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulygin V.V. (2017). Method for estimation of the multi-hazard interactions. Georisk. (2), pp. 30-37 (in Russian with English summary).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kulygin V.V., and Berdnikov S.V. (2013). Model estimates of pollution of the marine environment and coastal areas in emergency situations at sea oil and gas and transportation of petroleum hydrocarbons. In: E.P. Istomin, V.E. Marley, I.P. Skobeleva, I.A. Sobol (Eds.). Information technology and systems: management, economics, law. St. Petersburg: St. Andrew Publishing House, pp. 112-114 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulygin V.V., and Berdnikov S.V. (2013). Model estimates of pollution of the marine environment and coastal areas in emergency situations at sea oil and gas and transportation of petroleum hydrocarbons. In: E.P. Istomin, V.E. Marley, I.P. Skobeleva, I.A. Sobol (Eds.). Information technology and systems: management, economics, law. St. Petersburg: St. Andrew Publishing House, pp. 112-114 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kulygin V., Berdnikov S., Selyutin V., and Dashkevich L. (2016). Oxygen depletion risk assessment in shallow water bodies of the Sea of Azov region. SGEM2016 Conference Proceedings. 3(2), pp. 799-806. DOI: 10.5593/SGEM2016/B32/S15.104.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kulygin V., Berdnikov S., Selyutin V., and Dashkevich L. (2016). Oxygen depletion risk assessment in shallow water bodies of the Sea of Azov region. SGEM2016 Conference Proceedings. 3(2), pp. 799-806. DOI: 10.5593/SGEM2016/B32/S15.104.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kushnir V.M., Dushko V.R., and Kramar’ V.A. (2013). The effect of surface gravity waves on coastal technical structures. Eastern European Journal of Advanced Technology. 5(66), pp. 36-41 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kushnir V.M., Dushko V.R., and Kramar’ V.A. (2013). The effect of surface gravity waves on coastal technical structures. Eastern European Journal of Advanced Technology. 5(66), pp. 36-41 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matishov G.G., and Kovaleva G.V. (2010). Algal bloom in reservoirs of the south of Russia and water supply malfunctions (by the example of the city of Volgodonsk). Vestnik SSC RAS. 6(1), pp. 71-79 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matishov G.G., and Kovaleva G.V. (2010). Algal bloom in reservoirs of the south of Russia and water supply malfunctions (by the example of the city of Volgodonsk). Vestnik SSC RAS. 6(1), pp. 71-79 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matishov G.G., Kleshchenkov A.V., and Sheverdyaev I.V. (2012). Results of field investigations in the freshet and flood area in the Western Caucasus (July 2012). Vestnik SSC RAS. 8(4), pp. 101-104 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matishov G.G., Kleshchenkov A.V., and Sheverdyaev I.V. (2012). Results of field investigations in the freshet and flood area in the Western Caucasus (July 2012). Vestnik SSC RAS. 8(4), pp. 101-104 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matishov G.G., Savitskii R.M., and Inzhebeikin Y.I. (2013). The environmental and biotic impact of the oil spill in Kerch Strait in November 2007. Water Resources. 40(3), pp. 271-284.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matishov G.G., Savitskii R.M., and Inzhebeikin Y.I. (2013). The environmental and biotic impact of the oil spill in Kerch Strait in November 2007. Water Resources. 40(3), pp. 271-284.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matishov G.G., Berdnikov S.V., Zhichkin A.P., Dzhenyuk S.L., Smolyar I.V., Kulygin V.V., Yaitskaya N.A., Povazhniy V.V., Sheverdyaev I.V., Kumpan S.V., Tretyakova I.A., Tsygankova A.E., D’yakov N.N., Fomin V.V., Klochkov D.N., Shatohin B.M., Plotnikov V.V., Vakulskaya N.M., Luchin V.A., and Kruts A.A., (2014a). Atlas of Climatic Changes in Nine Large Marine Ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere (1827-2013). NOAA Atlas NESDIS 78. 131 pp. doi:10.7289/V5Q52MK5.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matishov G.G., Berdnikov S.V., Zhichkin A.P., Dzhenyuk S.L., Smolyar I.V., Kulygin V.V., Yaitskaya N.A., Povazhniy V.V., Sheverdyaev I.V., Kumpan S.V., Tretyakova I.A., Tsygankova A.E., D’yakov N.N., Fomin V.V., Klochkov D.N., Shatohin B.M., Plotnikov V.V., Vakulskaya N.M., Luchin V.A., and Kruts A.A., (2014a). Atlas of Climatic Changes in Nine Large Marine Ecosystems of the Northern Hemisphere (1827-2013). NOAA Atlas NESDIS 78. 131 pp. doi:10.7289/V5Q52MK5.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matishov G.G., Chikin A.L., Dashkevich L.V., Kulygin V.V., and Chikina L.G. (2014b). The ice regime of the Sea of Azov and climate in the early 21st century. Doklady earth sciences. 457(2), pp. 1020-1024.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matishov G.G., Chikin A.L., Dashkevich L.V., Kulygin V.V., and Chikina L.G. (2014b). The ice regime of the Sea of Azov and climate in the early 21st century. Doklady earth sciences. 457(2), pp. 1020-1024.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matishov G.G., Kleshchenkov A.V., and Sheverdyaev I.V. (2014c). Disastrous flashflood in the Western Caucasus in July 2012: causes and consequences. Geoecology, engineering geology, hydrogeology, geocryology. 4, pp. 291-303 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matishov G.G., Kleshchenkov A.V., and Sheverdyaev I.V. (2014c). Disastrous flashflood in the Western Caucasus in July 2012: causes and consequences. Geoecology, engineering geology, hydrogeology, geocryology. 4, pp. 291-303 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Matishov G.G., and Berdnikov S.V (2015). Extreme flooding of the Don River delta in spring 2013. Izvestiya RAN. Seriya geograficheskaya. 1, pp. 111-118 (in Russian with English summary).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Matishov G.G., and Berdnikov S.V (2015). Extreme flooding of the Don River delta in spring 2013. Izvestiya RAN. Seriya geograficheskaya. 1, pp. 111-118 (in Russian with English summary).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moses W.J., Gitelson A.A., Berdnikov S., and Povazhnyy V. (2009). Satellite estimation of chlorophyll-a concentration using the red and NIR bands of MERIS—The Azov Sea case study. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 6(4), pp. 845–849.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moses W.J., Gitelson A.A., Berdnikov S., and Povazhnyy V. (2009). Satellite estimation of chlorophyll-a concentration using the red and NIR bands of MERIS—The Azov Sea case study. IEEE Geosci. Remote Sens. Lett. 6(4), pp. 845–849.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moses W.J., Gitelson A.A., Berdnikov S., Saprygin V., and Povazhnyi V. (2012). Operational MERIS-based NIR-red algorithms for estimating chlorophyll-a concentrations in coastal waters - The Azov Sea case study. Remote Sensing of Environment. 121, pp. 118-124.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moses W.J., Gitelson A.A., Berdnikov S., Saprygin V., and Povazhnyi V. (2012). Operational MERIS-based NIR-red algorithms for estimating chlorophyll-a concentrations in coastal waters - The Azov Sea case study. Remote Sensing of Environment. 121, pp. 118-124.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moses W.J., Gitelson A.A., Berdnikov S., Bowles J.H., Povazhnyi V., Saprygin V., Wagner E.J., and Patterson K.W. (2014). HICO-Based NIR–Red Models for Estimating Chlorophyll-«a» Concentration in Productive Coastal Waters. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters. 11(6), pp. 1116-1120. DOI: 10.1109/LGRS.2013.2287791.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moses W.J., Gitelson A.A., Berdnikov S., Bowles J.H., Povazhnyi V., Saprygin V., Wagner E.J., and Patterson K.W. (2014). HICO-Based NIR–Red Models for Estimating Chlorophyll-«a» Concentration in Productive Coastal Waters. IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing Letters. 11(6), pp. 1116-1120. DOI: 10.1109/LGRS.2013.2287791.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Oil spill accident in the Kerch Strait in November 2007 (2011). Edited by Alexander Korshenko, Yuriy Ilyin, Violeta Velikova. Black Sea Commission Publications. Moscow: Nauka, 288 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Oil spill accident in the Kerch Strait in November 2007 (2011). Edited by Alexander Korshenko, Yuriy Ilyin, Violeta Velikova. Black Sea Commission Publications. Moscow: Nauka, 288 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Popov S.K., and Lobov A.L. (2016). The diagnosis and forecast of the flood in Taganrog according to the operational hydrodynamic model. Proceedings of Hydrometcentre of Russia. 362. pp. 92-108 (in Russian with English summary).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popov S.K., and Lobov A.L. (2016). The diagnosis and forecast of the flood in Taganrog according to the operational hydrodynamic model. Proceedings of Hydrometcentre of Russia. 362. pp. 92-108 (in Russian with English summary).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Popov S.K., and Lobov A.L. (2017). Modeling of sea level changes in the Sea of Azov in 2015-2016. Proceedings of Hydrometcentre of Russia. 364. pp. 131-143 (in Russian with English summary).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popov S.K., and Lobov A.L. (2017). Modeling of sea level changes in the Sea of Azov in 2015-2016. Proceedings of Hydrometcentre of Russia. 364. pp. 131-143 (in Russian with English summary).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Selyutin V.V., Berdnikov S.V., and Kulygin V.V. (2009). Comparative analysis of water-use scenarios for lower don water management system. Water Resources. 36(2), pp. 225-237.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Selyutin V.V., Berdnikov S.V., and Kulygin V.V. (2009). Comparative analysis of water-use scenarios for lower don water management system. Water Resources. 36(2), pp. 225-237.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sukhinov A.I., Chistyakov A.E., and Alekseenko E.V. (2011). Numerical realization of the threedimensional model of hydrodynamics for shallow water reservoirs on a supercomputer system. Mathematical Models and Computer Simulations. 23(3). pp. 3–21.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sukhinov A.I., Chistyakov A.E., and Alekseenko E.V. (2011). Numerical realization of the threedimensional model of hydrodynamics for shallow water reservoirs on a supercomputer system. Mathematical Models and Computer Simulations. 23(3). pp. 3–21.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tikhonova O.V., Zil’bershteyn O.I., and Safronov G.F. (1995). Hydrodynamic modeling of storm surges in the Sea of Azov. Proceedings of N.N. Zubov State Oceanographic Institute. 2. pp. 215-223 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tikhonova O.V., Zil’bershteyn O.I., and Safronov G.F. (1995). Hydrodynamic modeling of storm surges in the Sea of Azov. Proceedings of N.N. Zubov State Oceanographic Institute. 2. pp. 215-223 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tretyakova I., and Yaitskaya N. (2015). Methods for assessing dangerous storm and surge phenomena in the basin and coastal zone of the Sea of Azov. In: Berdnikov S.V., Yaitskaya N.A. (Eds.), Geographic information technologies and prediction of extreme events. Collection of articles of the III International Conference (September 5-12, 24-28, 2015, Durso – Rostov-on-Don, Russia). Publishing house SSC RAS, pp.101-122.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tretyakova I., and Yaitskaya N. (2015). Methods for assessing dangerous storm and surge phenomena in the basin and coastal zone of the Sea of Azov. In: Berdnikov S.V., Yaitskaya N.A. (Eds.), Geographic information technologies and prediction of extreme events. Collection of articles of the III International Conference (September 5-12, 24-28, 2015, Durso – Rostov-on-Don, Russia). Publishing house SSC RAS, pp.101-122.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tretyakova I.A., Chikin A.L., and Berdnikov S.V. (2016). Experience in operational forecasting of sea surges in the delta of the Don River in the warm period (April-October) 2015. In: Environment and a Human Being. Current problems of genetics, selection and biotechnologies: Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference (Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 5-8 September 2016). Rostov-on-Don: SSC RAS Publishers, pp. 473-475 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tretyakova I.A., Chikin A.L., and Berdnikov S.V. (2016). Experience in operational forecasting of sea surges in the delta of the Don River in the warm period (April-October) 2015. In: Environment and a Human Being. Current problems of genetics, selection and biotechnologies: Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference (Rostov-on-Don, Russia, 5-8 September 2016). Rostov-on-Don: SSC RAS Publishers, pp. 473-475 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">UNISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction) (2009). Terminology: Basic Terms of Disaster Risk Reduction. [online] Available at: http://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology [Accessed 10 Sep. 2017].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">UNISDR (United Nations International Strategy for Disaster Reduction) (2009). Terminology: Basic Terms of Disaster Risk Reduction. [online] Available at: http://www.unisdr.org/we/inform/terminology [Accessed 10 Sep. 2017].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Van Westen C.J., and Greiving S. (2017). Environmental Hazards Methodologies for Risk Assessment and Management. In: N.R. Dalezios ed., Envionrmental hazards Methodologies for Risk Assessment and Management. International Water Institute (IWA) publishing, pp. 33-92.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Van Westen C.J., and Greiving S. (2017). Environmental Hazards Methodologies for Risk Assessment and Management. In: N.R. Dalezios ed., Envionrmental hazards Methodologies for Risk Assessment and Management. International Water Institute (IWA) publishing, pp. 33-92.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yaitskaya N., and Tretyakova I. (2016). Mathematical modeling of dangerous storm and surge phenomena in the basin of the Sea of Azov (March 24, 2013). SGEM 2016 Conference Proceedings. 3(1), pp. 481-488. DOI: 10.5593/SGEM2016/B31/S12.063.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yaitskaya N., and Tretyakova I. (2016). Mathematical modeling of dangerous storm and surge phenomena in the basin of the Sea of Azov (March 24, 2013). SGEM 2016 Conference Proceedings. 3(1), pp. 481-488. DOI: 10.5593/SGEM2016/B31/S12.063.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yaitskaya N. (2017). The results of hindcasting experiments of wind wave in the Sea of Azov (as illustrated by winters 2015-2017). Science in the South Russia. 13(4), pp. 60-70. DOI: 10.23885/2500-0640-2017-3-4-60-70 (in Russian with English summary).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yaitskaya N. (2017). The results of hindcasting experiments of wind wave in the Sea of Azov (as illustrated by winters 2015-2017). Science in the South Russia. 13(4), pp. 60-70. DOI: 10.23885/2500-0640-2017-3-4-60-70 (in Russian with English summary).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zelen’ko A.A., Strukov B.S., Resnyanskiy Yu.D., and Martynov S.L. (2014). System for predicting wind waves in the World Ocean and the seas of Russia. Proceedings of N.N. Zubov State Oceanographic Institute. 215. pp. 90–101 (in Russian with English summary).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zelen’ko A.A., Strukov B.S., Resnyanskiy Yu.D., and Martynov S.L. (2014). System for predicting wind waves in the World Ocean and the seas of Russia. Proceedings of N.N. Zubov State Oceanographic Institute. 215. pp. 90–101 (in Russian with English summary).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
