gesjGEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITYGEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY2071-93882542-1565Russian Geographical Society10.24057/2071-9388-2024-3304gesj-3850Research ArticleREGULAR ISSUEEvaluation of new release Global Geopotential Model (GGMS) over East MalaysiaOthmanNoorhurul A.

Arau Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis 

Pa’suyaMuhammad F.

Arau Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis 

faiz524@uitm.edu.myMd DinAmi H.

81310 Johor Bahru, Johor 

Che AzizMohamad A.

Arau Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis 

NurulS. Hazelin Noor Azmin

Arau Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis 

MohdA. Abd Samad

Arau Campus, 02600 Arau, Perlis 

AbdullahMohd A.

No. 306A, Jalan Sungai Korok, Alor Setar, 05400 Alor Setar, Kedah

Environment and Climate Change Research Group (ECC), Collage of Built Environment, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Perlis BranchMalaysiaGeospatial Imaging and Information Research Group (GI2RG), Faculty of Built Environment and Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MalaysiaMalaysiaUO Geomatics Resources Sdn. BhdMalaysia202416012025174235246Copyright © Othman N.A., Pa’suya M.F., Md Din A., Che Aziz M., Nurul S., Mohd A., Abdullah M., 20252025Othman N.A., Pa’suya M.F., Md Din A., Che Aziz M., Nurul S., Mohd A., Abdullah M.Othman N.A., Pa’suya M.F., Md Din A., Che Aziz M., Nurul S., Mohd A., Abdullah M.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/3850

Global Geopotential Model (GGM) is a mathematical representation of the Earth’s gravity field and geoid, which is developed to provide accurate information about the variations in the Earth’s gravitational potential across the entire globe. Recently numerous organizations and research centres have developed multi GGMs derived from several types of available gravity and height datasets to estimate orthometric heights from GNSS measurements. In this study, we present an accuracy evaluation and assessment of the nineteen recent and popular GGMS using actual GNSS/levelling points, and gravity anomaly points. The goal of this research is to find the optimum model for the study area which is located in the East Malaysia for further determination of geoid modelling in the regional scale. The selection of these areas basically is due to their renowned for uncontrolled topography and various datums. The results indicate that for geoid undulation, the XGM2019e_2159 with value of 0.195 model is the best fit GGM for the estimation model for East Malaysia. For gravity anomalies, the most reliable GGM for the study area is GO_CONS_GCF_2_DIR_R5 with RMSE of 32.456

Global Geopotential Models (GGMs)GNSS LevellingEast MalaysiaThe authors are grateful to the Ministry of Higher Education (MOHE), Malaysia for their financial funding through FRGS 2022 (Reference code: FRGS/1/2022/WAB07/UITM/02/2 and to the Department of Survey and Mapping Malaysia (DSMM) for providing terrestrial and GNSS-levelling data over East Malaysia. Additionally, the author acknowledges the International Centre for Global Earth Models (ICGEM) for supplying the data used in this study.ReferencesAkyilmaz, O., Ustun, A., Aydin, C., Arslan, N., Doganalp, S., Guney, C., Mercan, H., Uygur, S.O., Uz, M., Yagci, O.; GRACE time-variable gravity field recovery using an improved energy balance approach; Geophysical Journal International, Vol 203, No. 3, p. 1773-1786, doi: 10.1093/gji/ggv392.Akyilmaz, O., Ustun, A., Aydin, C., Arslan, N., Doganalp, S., Guney, C., Mercan, H., Uygur, S.O., Uz, M., Yagci, O.; GRACE time-variable gravity field recovery using an improved energy balance approach; Geophysical Journal International, Vol 203, No. 3, p. 1773-1786, doi: 10.1093/gji/ggv392.Alemu, E. (2021). Evaluation of GGMs Based on the Terrestrial Gravity Data of Gravity Disturbance and Moho Depthin Afar, Ethiopia. Artificial Satellites, 56(3), 78–100. https://doi.org/10.2478/arsa-2021-0007Alemu, E. (2021). Evaluation of GGMs Based on the Terrestrial Gravity Data of Gravity Disturbance and Moho Depthin Afar, Ethiopia. Artificial Satellites, 56(3), 78–100. https://doi.org/10.2478/arsa-2021-0007Alemu, E. (2023). Global geopotential models evaluation based on terrestrial gravity data over Ethiopia. Journal of Applied Geodesy, 17(3), 217–236. https://doi.org/10.1515/jag-2022-0051Alemu, E. (2023). Global geopotential models evaluation based on terrestrial gravity data over Ethiopia. Journal of Applied Geodesy, 17(3), 217–236. https://doi.org/10.1515/jag-2022-0051Alothman, A., Godah, W., & Elsaka, B. (2016). Gravity field anomalies from recent GOCE satellite-based geopotential models and Terrestrial Gravity Data: A comparative study over Saudi Arabia. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 9(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-016-2393-yAlothman, A., Godah, W., & Elsaka, B. (2016). Gravity field anomalies from recent GOCE satellite-based geopotential models and Terrestrial Gravity Data: A comparative study over Saudi Arabia. Arabian Journal of Geosciences, 9(5). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12517-016-2393-yAl Shouny, A., Khalil, R., Kamel, A., & Miky, Y. (2023). Assessments of recent global geopotential models based on GPS/levelling and gravity data along Coastal Zones of Egypt. Open Geosciences, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2022-0450Al Shouny, A., Khalil, R., Kamel, A., & Miky, Y. (2023). Assessments of recent global geopotential models based on GPS/levelling and gravity data along Coastal Zones of Egypt. Open Geosciences, 15(1). https://doi.org/10.1515/geo-2022-0450Amos, M., and Featherstone, W. (2003). Comparisons of recent global geopotential models with terrestrial gravity field observations over New Zealand and Australia. Geomatics Research Australasia, 79, 1–20.Amos, M., and Featherstone, W. (2003). Comparisons of recent global geopotential models with terrestrial gravity field observations over New Zealand and Australia. Geomatics Research Australasia, 79, 1–20.Barthelmes, F. & K. (2013). International Centre for Global Earth Models (ICGEM). Journal of Geodesy, The Geodesists Handbook, 1–10. Retrieved from http://icgem.gfz-potsdam.de/ICGEM/Barthelmes, F. & K. (2013). International Centre for Global Earth Models (ICGEM). Journal of Geodesy, The Geodesists Handbook, 1–10. Retrieved from http://icgem.gfz-potsdam.de/ICGEM/Benahmed Daho, S. A. (2010). Assessment of the EGM2008 Gravity Field in Algeria Using Gravity and GPS/Levelling Data. In International Association of Geodesy Symposia (Vol. 135, pp. 459–466). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10634-7_61Benahmed Daho, S. A. (2010). Assessment of the EGM2008 Gravity Field in Algeria Using Gravity and GPS/Levelling Data. In International Association of Geodesy Symposia (Vol. 135, pp. 459–466). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10634-7_61Brockman, JM, Zehentner N, Höck E, Pail R, Loth I, Mayer-Gürr T, Schuh WD (2014) EGM_TIM_RL05: An independent geoid with centimeter accuracy purely based on the GOCE mission Geophys Res Lett 41:8089–8099, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061904Brockman, JM, Zehentner N, Höck E, Pail R, Loth I, Mayer-Gürr T, Schuh WD (2014) EGM_TIM_RL05: An independent geoid with centimeter accuracy purely based on the GOCE mission Geophys Res Lett 41:8089–8099, https://doi.org/10.1002/2014GL061904Brockmann, J. M., Schubert, T., Schuh WD An Improved Model of the Earth’s Static Gravity Field Solely Derived from Reprocessed GOCE Data Surveys in Geophysics, doi: 10.1007/s10712-020-09626-0, 2021Brockmann, J. M., Schubert, T., Schuh WD An Improved Model of the Earth’s Static Gravity Field Solely Derived from Reprocessed GOCE Data Surveys in Geophysics, doi: 10.1007/s10712-020-09626-0, 2021Bruinsma, S. L., Förste, C., Abrikosov, O., Marty, J. C., Rio, M. H., Mulet, S., & Bonvalot, S. (2013). The new ESA satellite-only gravity field model via the direct approach. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(14), 3607–3612. https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50716Bruinsma, S. L., Förste, C., Abrikosov, O., Marty, J. C., Rio, M. H., Mulet, S., & Bonvalot, S. (2013). The new ESA satellite-only gravity field model via the direct approach. Geophysical Research Letters, 40(14), 3607–3612. https://doi.org/10.1002/grl.50716Chen, Q., Luo, Z., Qian, C., Zhu, M., & Zhang, X. (2022). A comparison of satellite-only, combined, and local geoid models: A case study in Australia. Journal of Applied Geodesy, 16(2), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1515/jag-2021-0032.Chen, Q., Luo, Z., Qian, C., Zhu, M., & Zhang, X. (2022). A comparison of satellite-only, combined, and local geoid models: A case study in Australia. Journal of Applied Geodesy, 16(2), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1515/jag-2021-0032.Chen, Q., Shen, Y., Chen, W., Zhang, X., Hsu, H., 2016: An improved GRACE monthly gravity field solution by modelling the nonconservative acceleration and attitude observation errors. Journal of Geodesy, 90(6), 503-523. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-016-0889-6.Chen, Q., Shen, Y., Chen, W., Zhang, X., Hsu, H., 2016: An improved GRACE monthly gravity field solution by modelling the nonconservative acceleration and attitude observation errors. Journal of Geodesy, 90(6), 503-523. http://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-016-0889-6.Chen, Q., Shen, Y., Francis , O., Chen, W., Zhang, X., Hsu, H., 2018:Tongji-Grace02s and Tongji-Grace02k: high-precision static GRACEonly global Earth’s gravity field models derived by refined data processing strategies. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, doi: 10.1029/2018JB015641, 2018Chen, Q., Shen, Y., Francis , O., Chen, W., Zhang, X., Hsu, H., 2018:Tongji-Grace02s and Tongji-Grace02k: high-precision static GRACEonly global Earth’s gravity field models derived by refined data processing strategies. Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, doi: 10.1029/2018JB015641, 2018Doganalp, S. (2016). An Evaluation of Recent Global Geopotential Models for Strip Area Project in Turkey. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 20(3), 1. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v20n3.55440Doganalp, S. (2016). An Evaluation of Recent Global Geopotential Models for Strip Area Project in Turkey. Earth Sciences Research Journal, 20(3), 1. https://doi.org/10.15446/esrj.v20n3.55440El-Ashquer, M., Elsaka, B., & El-Fiky, G. (2016). On the Accuracy Assessment of the latest releases of Goce Satellite-based geopotential models with EGM2008 and terrestrial GPS/levelling and gravity data over Egypt. International Journal of Geosciences, 07(11), 1323–1344. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2016.711097El-Ashquer, M., Elsaka, B., & El-Fiky, G. (2016). On the Accuracy Assessment of the latest releases of Goce Satellite-based geopotential models with EGM2008 and terrestrial GPS/levelling and gravity data over Egypt. International Journal of Geosciences, 07(11), 1323–1344. https://doi.org/10.4236/ijg.2016.711097Ellmann, A. (2010). Validation of the new earth gravitational model EGM08 over the Baltic countries. Gravity, Geoid and Earth Observation, 489–496. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10634-7_65Ellmann, A. (2010). Validation of the new earth gravitational model EGM08 over the Baltic countries. Gravity, Geoid and Earth Observation, 489–496. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10634-7_65Ellmann, A., & Vaníček, P. (2007). UNB application of stokes–Helmert’s approach to geoid computation. Journal of Geodynamics, 43(2), 200–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2006.09.019Ellmann, A., & Vaníček, P. (2007). UNB application of stokes–Helmert’s approach to geoid computation. Journal of Geodynamics, 43(2), 200–213. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jog.2006.09.019Gatti, A., Reguzzoni, M., Migliaccio, F., Sanso, F.; Space-wise grids of gravity gradients from GOCE data at nominal satellite altitude; Paris, 2014.Gatti, A., Reguzzoni, M., Migliaccio, F., Sanso, F.; Space-wise grids of gravity gradients from GOCE data at nominal satellite altitude; Paris, 2014.Gatti, A., Reguzzoni M., Migliaccio, F., Sansò F., (2016) Computation and assessment of the fifth release of the GOCE-only space-wise solution: Presented at the 1st Joint Commission 2 and IGFS Meeting, 19-23 September 2016, Thessaloníki, Greece.Gatti, A., Reguzzoni M., Migliaccio, F., Sansò F., (2016) Computation and assessment of the fifth release of the GOCE-only space-wise solution: Presented at the 1st Joint Commission 2 and IGFS Meeting, 19-23 September 2016, Thessaloníki, Greece.Gilardoni, M., Reguzzoni, M., Sampietro, D.; GECO: a global gravity model by locally combining GOCE data and EGM2008; Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica, Vol 60, p. 228-247, doi: 10.1007/s11200-015-1114-4, 2016Gilardoni, M., Reguzzoni, M., Sampietro, D.; GECO: a global gravity model by locally combining GOCE data and EGM2008; Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica, Vol 60, p. 228-247, doi: 10.1007/s11200-015-1114-4, 2016Goyal, R., Dikshit, O., & Balasubramania, N. (2019). Evaluation of global geopotential models: A case study for India. Survey Review, 51(368), 402–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396265.2018.1468537Goyal, R., Dikshit, O., & Balasubramania, N. (2019). Evaluation of global geopotential models: A case study for India. Survey Review, 51(368), 402–412. https://doi.org/10.1080/00396265.2018.1468537Guimarães, G., Matos, A., & Blitzkow, D. (2012). An evaluation of recent GOCE geopotential models in Brazil. Journal of Geodetic Science, 2(2), 144–155. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10156-011-0033-8Guimarães, G., Matos, A., & Blitzkow, D. (2012). An evaluation of recent GOCE geopotential models in Brazil. Journal of Geodetic Science, 2(2), 144–155. https://doi.org/10.2478/v10156-011-0033-8Hirt, C., Gruber, T., & Featherstone, W. E. (2011). Evaluation of the first GOCE static gravity field models using terrestrial gravity, vertical deflections and EGM2008 quasigeoid heights. Journal of Geodesy, 85(10), 723–740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-011-0482-yHirt, C., Gruber, T., & Featherstone, W. E. (2011). Evaluation of the first GOCE static gravity field models using terrestrial gravity, vertical deflections and EGM2008 quasigeoid heights. Journal of Geodesy, 85(10), 723–740. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-011-0482-yHeiskanen, W.A., Moritz, H. (1967). PhysicalGeodesy.W.H. Freeman, San Francisco Jamil, H., Kadir, M., Forsberg, R., Olesen, A., Isa, M. N., Rasidi, S., Mohamed, A., Chihat, Z., Nielsen, E., Majid, F., Talib, K., & Aman, S. (2017). Airborne geoid mapping of land and sea areas of East Malaysia. Journal of Geodetic Science, 7(1), 84–93. https://doi.org/10.1515/jogs-2017-0010Heiskanen, W.A., Moritz, H. (1967). PhysicalGeodesy.W.H. Freeman, San Francisco Jamil, H., Kadir, M., Forsberg, R., Olesen, A., Isa, M. N., Rasidi, S., Mohamed, A., Chihat, Z., Nielsen, E., Majid, F., Talib, K., & Aman, S. (2017). Airborne geoid mapping of land and sea areas of East Malaysia. Journal of Geodetic Science, 7(1), 84–93. https://doi.org/10.1515/jogs-2017-0010Kiamehr, R., and Sjöberg, L. E. (2005). Effect of the SRTM global DEM on the determination of a high-resolution geoid model: A case study in Iran. Journal of Geodesy, 79(9), 540–551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-005-0006-8Kiamehr, R., and Sjöberg, L. E. (2005). Effect of the SRTM global DEM on the determination of a high-resolution geoid model: A case study in Iran. Journal of Geodesy, 79(9), 540–551. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-005-0006-8Kiamehr, R., & Eshagh, M. (2008). EGMlab, a scientific software for determining the gravity and gradient components from global geopotential models. Earth Science Informatics, 1(2), 93–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-008-0013-4Kiamehr, R., & Eshagh, M. (2008). EGMlab, a scientific software for determining the gravity and gradient components from global geopotential models. Earth Science Informatics, 1(2), 93–103. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12145-008-0013-4Lee, J., & Kwon, J. H. (2020). Precision evaluation of recent global geopotential models based on GNSS/leveling data on unified control points. Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography, 38(2), 153–163. https://doi.org/10.7848/ksgpc.2020.38.2.153Lee, J., & Kwon, J. H. (2020). Precision evaluation of recent global geopotential models based on GNSS/leveling data on unified control points. Journal of the Korean Society of Surveying, Geodesy, Photogrammetry and Cartography, 38(2), 153–163. https://doi.org/10.7848/ksgpc.2020.38.2.153Liang W.; Li J.; Xu, X; Zhang, S.; Zhao, Y. 2020: A High-Resolution Earth’s Gravity Field Model SGG-UGM-2 from GOCE, GRACE, Satellite Altimetry, and EGM2008. Engineering, 860-878. doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.05.008.Liang W.; Li J.; Xu, X; Zhang, S.; Zhao, Y. 2020: A High-Resolution Earth’s Gravity Field Model SGG-UGM-2 from GOCE, GRACE, Satellite Altimetry, and EGM2008. Engineering, 860-878. doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2020.05.008.Mainville, A., Forsberg, R., Sideris, M.G. (1992). Global positioning system testing of geoids computed from geopotential model and local gravity data: a case study.Mainville, A., Forsberg, R., Sideris, M.G. (1992). Global positioning system testing of geoids computed from geopotential model and local gravity data: a case study.Pail R, et al. (2011) First GOCE gravity field models derived by three different approaches. J Geod 85(11):819–843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-011-0467-xPail R, et al. (2011) First GOCE gravity field models derived by three different approaches. J Geod 85(11):819–843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-011-0467-xPerdana, A. D. P., & Heliani, L. S. (2017). Evaluation of global geopotential model and digital terrain model to the accuration of local geoid model: Case study in work field of PT Pertamina EP asset 4 field cepu. 2017 7th International Annual Engineering Seminar (InAES). https://doi.org/10.1109/inaes.2017.8068576Perdana, A. D. P., & Heliani, L. S. (2017). Evaluation of global geopotential model and digital terrain model to the accuration of local geoid model: Case study in work field of PT Pertamina EP asset 4 field cepu. 2017 7th International Annual Engineering Seminar (InAES). https://doi.org/10.1109/inaes.2017.8068576Rapp, R.H. (1997). Past and future developments in geopotential modelling, in : Forsberg, R, Feissl, M., Dietrich, R. (Eds.) Geodesy on the Move, Springer, Berlin, pp. 58-78Rapp, R.H. (1997). Past and future developments in geopotential modelling, in : Forsberg, R, Feissl, M., Dietrich, R. (Eds.) Geodesy on the Move, Springer, Berlin, pp. 58-78Rummel, R., Balmino, G., Johannessen, J., Visser, P., Woodworth, P. Dedicated gravity field missions-principles and aims, J Geodyn (2002) 33 3-20Rummel, R., Balmino, G., Johannessen, J., Visser, P., Woodworth, P. Dedicated gravity field missions-principles and aims, J Geodyn (2002) 33 3-20Saari, T., & Bilker-Koivula, M. (2018). Applying the GOCE-based GGMs for the quasi-geoid modelling of Finland. Journal of Applied Geodesy, 12(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.1515/jag-2017-0020Saari, T., & Bilker-Koivula, M. (2018). Applying the GOCE-based GGMs for the quasi-geoid modelling of Finland. Journal of Applied Geodesy, 12(1), 15–27. https://doi.org/10.1515/jag-2017-0020Schwarz, K. P., Sideris, M. G., & Forsberg, R. (1990). The use of FFT techniques in physical geodesy. Geophysical Journal International, 100(3), 485–514. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1990.tb00701.xSchwarz, K. P., Sideris, M. G., & Forsberg, R. (1990). The use of FFT techniques in physical geodesy. Geophysical Journal International, 100(3), 485–514. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246x.1990.tb00701.xSjöberg, L. E. (2003a). A computational scheme to model the geoid by the modified Stokes formula without gravity reductions. Journal of Geodesy, 77(7–8), 423–432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-003-0338-1Sjöberg, L. E. (2003a). A computational scheme to model the geoid by the modified Stokes formula without gravity reductions. Journal of Geodesy, 77(7–8), 423–432. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-003-0338-1Sjöberg, L. E. (2003b). A general model for modifying stokes? formula and its least-squares solution. Journal of Geodesy, 77(7–8), 459– 464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-003-0346-1Sjöberg, L. E. (2003b). A general model for modifying stokes? formula and its least-squares solution. Journal of Geodesy, 77(7–8), 459– 464. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-003-0346-1Ssengendo, R. (2015). A height datum for Uganda based on a gravimetric quasigeoid model and Gnss/levelling (thesis). Architecture and the Built Environment, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.Ssengendo, R. (2015). A height datum for Uganda based on a gravimetric quasigeoid model and Gnss/levelling (thesis). Architecture and the Built Environment, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm.Strykowski, G., & Forsberg, R. (2010). Testing EGM2008 on Leveling Data from Scandinavia, Adjacent Baltic Areas, and Greenland. In International Association of Geodesy Symposia (Vol. 135, pp. 505–509). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10634-7_67Strykowski, G., & Forsberg, R. (2010). Testing EGM2008 on Leveling Data from Scandinavia, Adjacent Baltic Areas, and Greenland. In International Association of Geodesy Symposia (Vol. 135, pp. 505–509). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-10634-7_67Tapley B, Chambers D, Bettadpur S, Ries J (2003) Large scale ocean circulation from the GRACE GGM01 geoid. Geophys Res Lett 30(22):2163. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018622Tapley B, Chambers D, Bettadpur S, Ries J (2003) Large scale ocean circulation from the GRACE GGM01 geoid. Geophys Res Lett 30(22):2163. https://doi.org/10.1029/2003GL018622Tapley B, Ries J, Bettadpur S, Chambers D, Cheng M, Condi F, Gunter B, Kang Z, Nagel P, Pastor R, Pekker T, Poole S, Wang F (2005) GGM02 – An improved Earth gravity field model from GRACE. J Geod 79:467– 478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-005-0480-zTapley B, Ries J, Bettadpur S, Chambers D, Cheng M, Condi F, Gunter B, Kang Z, Nagel P, Pastor R, Pekker T, Poole S, Wang F (2005) GGM02 – An improved Earth gravity field model from GRACE. J Geod 79:467– 478. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00190-005-0480-zTocho, C. N., Antokoletz, E. D., Gómez, A. R., Guagni, H., & Piñon, D. A. (2022). Analysis of high-resolution global gravity field models for the estimation of International Height Reference System (IHRS) coordinates in Argentina. Journal of Geodetic Science, 12(1), 131–140. https://doi.org/10.1515/jogs-2022-0139Tocho, C. N., Antokoletz, E. D., Gómez, A. R., Guagni, H., & Piñon, D. A. (2022). Analysis of high-resolution global gravity field models for the estimation of International Height Reference System (IHRS) coordinates in Argentina. Journal of Geodetic Science, 12(1), 131–140. https://doi.org/10.1515/jogs-2022-0139Wu, H., Müller, J., and Brieden, P. (2016) The IfE global gravity field model from GOCE-only observations: Presented at the International Symposium on Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems, 19-23 September 2016, Thessaloníki, Greece.Wu, H., Müller, J., and Brieden, P. (2016) The IfE global gravity field model from GOCE-only observations: Presented at the International Symposium on Gravity, Geoid and Height Systems, 19-23 September 2016, Thessaloníki, Greece.Xu X., Zhao Y., Reubelt T., Robert T. 2017 A GOCE only gravity model GOSG01S and the validation of GOCE related satellite gravity models Geodesy and Geodynamics, 8(4): 260-272, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2017.03.013Xu X., Zhao Y., Reubelt T., Robert T. 2017 A GOCE only gravity model GOSG01S and the validation of GOCE related satellite gravity models Geodesy and Geodynamics, 8(4): 260-272, http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.geog.2017.03.013Yi, Weiyong, Rummel, Reiner, Gruber, Thomas Gravity field contribution analysis of GOCE gravitational gradient components; Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica, Vol 57, No. 2, p. 174-202, doi: 10.1007/s11200-011-1178-8, 2013.Yi, Weiyong, Rummel, Reiner, Gruber, Thomas Gravity field contribution analysis of GOCE gravitational gradient components; Studia Geophysica et Geodaetica, Vol 57, No. 2, p. 174-202, doi: 10.1007/s11200-011-1178-8, 2013.Yilmaz, M., Turgut, B., Gullu, M., & Yilmaz, I. (2016). Evaluation Of Recent Global Geopotential Models By Gnss/Levelling Data: Internal Aegean Region. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 1(1), 15–19. https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.285221.Yilmaz, M., Turgut, B., Gullu, M., & Yilmaz, I. (2016). Evaluation Of Recent Global Geopotential Models By Gnss/Levelling Data: Internal Aegean Region. International Journal of Engineering and Geosciences, 1(1), 15–19. https://doi.org/10.26833/ijeg.285221.Zingerle P, Pail R, Gruber T, Oikonomidou X. The Experimental Gravity Field Model XGM2019e. GFZ Data Services; 2019. doi: 10.5880/ICGEM.2019.007.Zingerle P, Pail R, Gruber T, Oikonomidou X. The Experimental Gravity Field Model XGM2019e. GFZ Data Services; 2019. doi: 10.5880/ICGEM.2019.007.Zingerle, P., Brockmann, J.M., Pail, R.; Gruber, T., Willberg, M. (2019): The polar extended gravity field model TIM_R6 doi: 10.5880/ICGEM.2019.005 2019.Zingerle, P., Brockmann, J.M., Pail, R.; Gruber, T., Willberg, M. (2019): The polar extended gravity field model TIM_R6 doi: 10.5880/ICGEM.2019.005 2019.

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.