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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gesj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-9388</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-1565</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Geographical Society</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24057/2071-9388-2024-3717</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gesj-3835</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SPECIAL ISSUE «CATCHMENT EROSION AND POLLUTION PROBLEMS». Part 1. Catchment erosion and management</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Modern evolution and hydrological regime of the Bashkara Glacier Lakes system (Central Caucasus, Russia) after the outburst on September 1, 2017</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Pavlyukevich</surname><given-names>Ekaterina D.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow, 119991; Moscow, 119333</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ekaterina.kornilova.hydro@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylenko</surname><given-names>Inna N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow, 119991; Moscow, 119333</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Krylenko</surname><given-names>Ivan V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Moscow, 119991</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography ; Water Problems Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-2"><institution>Lomonosov Moscow State University, Faculty of Geography</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2024</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>01</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>17</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>66</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Pavlyukevich E.D., Krylenko I.N., Krylenko I.V., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Pavlyukevich E.D., Krylenko I.N., Krylenko I.V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Pavlyukevich E.D., Krylenko I.N., Krylenko I.V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/3835">https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/3835</self-uri><abstract><p>In high mountain areas, glacial lake outbursts are often the cause of floods and extreme events. Investigation of these events is especially important in the context of ongoing intensive deglaciation and climate change. This study is focused on the monitoring of the Bashkara Glacier Lakes after their outburst on September 1st, 2017, which are located in the most glaciated and populated part of the Central Caucasus of Russia, in the Mt. Elbrus region. Following the incident, the lakes system has transformed into flow-through. However, the lakes system has undergone significant changes and remains unstable and potentially hazardous. In this research, we used remote sensing data and field observations to assess the condition of the Bashkara Lakes. The water level, area and volume of the lakes are unstable. Between 2018 and 2024, the area of Bashkara Lake increased by 32% and volume by 41%, with the level increasing by 3.2 meters. At the same time, Lapa Lake was rapidly shrinking. The area of Lapa Lake in 2018-2024 decreased by 51%, the volume by 66%, and the level decreased by 4.2 meters. In addition to the continuing rise of the water level, the possibility of future rockfalls cannot be excluded, which can trigger a re-outburst. Ephemeral glacier lakes were also discovered, their merging with the main lake can cause a dramatic increase in the lake volume. On the other hand, other factors, such as the decrease in water temperature of Bashkara lake and its flowage, indicate the stability of the lakes system.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>mountain hydrology</kwd><kwd>Central Caucasus</kwd><kwd>moraine-dammed lake</kwd><kwd>outburst</kwd><kwd>GLOF</kwd><kwd>Bashkara Lake</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="en">The authors are grateful to the participants of fieldwork, including the entire team of the MSU debris flow group, especially Vera Kidyaeva, Sergey Chernomorets, and the MSU glacial group, especially Dmitry Petrakov, Kirill Ibrayev, Ivan Durmanov and Ekaterina Rets. This work was supported by the grant of the The Government of the Russian Federation (Agreement №075-15-2024-614 date 13.06.2024) (satellite image interpretation), was carried out under the Governmental Order to the Water Problems Institute of RAS, subject FMWZ-2022-0001 (water flow measurement) and under the state assignment of Faculty of Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University part 1.10, CITIS 121051100166-4 (bathymetric survey), 121051400038-1 (level logger installation).</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Aleynikova A.M. and Anatskaya E.E. (2019). Dynamics of glaciers and glacial lakes of the ala-arch river basin. Advances in Current Natural Sciences, 42–47. DOI: 10.17513/use.37195</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Aleynikova A.M. and Anatskaya E.E. (2019). 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