gesjGEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITYGEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY2071-93882542-1565Russian Geographical Society10.24057/2071-9388-2024-3378gesj-3830Research ArticleSPECIAL ISSUE «CATCHMENT EROSION AND POLLUTION PROBLEMS». Part 1. Catchment erosion and managementFluvial processes and landforms as indicators in torrential flood hazard assessmentKovačević-MajkićJelena

Đure Jakšića 9/III, Belgrade, 11000 

j.kovacevic@gi.sanu.ac.rsŠtrbacDragoljub

Đure Jakšića 9/III, Belgrade, 11000 

ĆalićJelena

Đure Jakšića 9/III, Belgrade, 11000

MiloševićMarko V.

Đure Jakšića 9/III, Belgrade, 11000

MilivojevićMilovan

Đure Jakšića 9/III, Belgrade, 11000

PolovinaSiniša

Kneza Višeslava 1, Belgrade, 11000

Geographical Institute “Jovan Cvijić” Serbian Academy of Sciences and ArtsSerbiaUniversity of Belgrade – Faculty of ForestrySerbia2024150120251742634Copyright © Kovačević-Majkić J., Štrbac D., Ćalić J., Milošević M., Milivojević M., Polovina S., 20252025Kovačević-Majkić J., Štrbac D., Ćalić J., Milošević M., Milivojević M., Polovina S.Kovačević-Majkić J., Štrbac D., Ćalić J., Milošević M., Milivojević M., Polovina S.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/3830

Torrential flood hazard assessment is always a challenge, especially if the aim is to do it on the level of the whole watershed. When there are no required data available, there are traces in nature, morphological indicators, that show the extent of previous floods, in period longer then instrumental period. Therefore, in this paper we deal with fluvial and slope both erosional and accumulation processes and landforms, which doubtlessly indicate torrential flood prone areas. We have selected eight indicators and grouped them into three segments: erosional process, morphometric characteristics of watershed, and accumulation processes and landforms. Selected indicators serve for fluvial processes determination and therefore could be used for proper water and flood risk management. The research was done in three middle-sized watersheds in Serbia which belong to the Velika Morava River basin, showing that integrative approach is necessary for rational watershed management, meaning for selection of measures for torrential flood hazard mitigation.

flood hazardflood zonefluvial landformsalluvial plainfanSerbiaWe thank the reviewer who helped us to improve the manuscript. The research was funded by the Ministry of science, technological development and innovations of the Republic of Serbia (contract number 451-03-66/2024-03/200172).ReferencesAlcántara-Ayala I. (2002). Geomorphology, natural hazards, vulnerability and prevention of natural disasters in developing countries. Geomorphology, 47, 107-124, DOI: 10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00083-1Alcántara-Ayala I. (2002). Geomorphology, natural hazards, vulnerability and prevention of natural disasters in developing countries. Geomorphology, 47, 107-124, DOI: 10.1016/S0169-555X(02)00083-1Arnell N. (2002). Hydrology and Global Environmental Change. London and New York: Pearson Education Limited. p 364.Arnell N. (2002). Hydrology and Global Environmental Change. London and New York: Pearson Education Limited. p 364.Arnaud-Fassetta G. and Astrade L, et al. (2009). Fluvial geomorphology and flood-risk management. Géomorphologie, 15(2), 109-128, DOI: 10.4000/geomorphologie.7554Arnaud-Fassetta G. and Astrade L, et al. (2009). Fluvial geomorphology and flood-risk management. Géomorphologie, 15(2), 109-128, DOI: 10.4000/geomorphologie.7554Brajković M. and Gavrilović Z. (1989). Natural and anthropogenous factors important for flash floods apearance. Collection of papers from conference „Flash floods – causes and consequences“. JUSOP 89, Kopaonik, Serbia: 46-53. (in Serbian)Brajković M. and Gavrilović Z. (1989). Natural and anthropogenous factors important for flash floods apearance. Collection of papers from conference „Flash floods – causes and consequences“. JUSOP 89, Kopaonik, Serbia: 46-53. (in Serbian)Borga M., Stoffel M., Marchi L., Marra F, and Jakob M. (2014). Hydrogeomorphic response to extreme rainfall in headwater systems: Flash floods and debris flows. Journal of Hydrology, 518, 194-205, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.022Borga M., Stoffel M., Marchi L., Marra F, and Jakob M. (2014). Hydrogeomorphic response to extreme rainfall in headwater systems: Flash floods and debris flows. Journal of Hydrology, 518, 194-205, DOI: 10.1016/j.jhydrol.2014.05.022Costa J.E. (1988). Rheologic, geomorphic, and sedimentologic differentiation of water floods, hyperconcentrated flows and debris flows. In: V.R. Baker, R.C. Kochel, and P.C. Patton, eds., Flood Geomorphology, 7. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England: 113–122.Costa J.E. (1988). Rheologic, geomorphic, and sedimentologic differentiation of water floods, hyperconcentrated flows and debris flows. In: V.R. Baker, R.C. Kochel, and P.C. Patton, eds., Flood Geomorphology, 7. John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, England: 113–122.Coussot P. and Meunier M. (1996). Recognition, classification and mechanical description of debris flows. Earth-Science Reviews, 40, 209-227, DOI: 10.1016/0012-8252(95)00065-8Coussot P. and Meunier M. (1996). Recognition, classification and mechanical description of debris flows. Earth-Science Reviews, 40, 209-227, DOI: 10.1016/0012-8252(95)00065-8Directive 2000/60/ЕС of the Еuropean Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. (EU Water Framework Directive). (2000). Official Journal of the European Union L 327, 22.12.2000, pp. 0001 - 0073Directive 2000/60/ЕС of the Еuropean Parliament and of the Council establishing a framework for Community action in the field of water policy. (EU Water Framework Directive). (2000). Official Journal of the European Union L 327, 22.12.2000, pp. 0001 - 0073Directive 2007/60/ЕС on the Еuropean Parliament and of the Council on the assessment and management of flood risks (EU Flood directive). (2007). Official Journal of the European Union L288, 6.11.2007, pp. 27-34Directive 2007/60/ЕС on the Еuropean Parliament and of the Council on the assessment and management of flood risks (EU Flood directive). (2007). Official Journal of the European Union L288, 6.11.2007, pp. 27-34Dragicevic S., Filipovic D., Kostadinov S., Ristic R., Novkovic I., Zivkovic N., Andjelkovic G., Abolmasov B., Secerov V., and Djurdjic S. (2011). Natural Hazard Assessment for Land-use Planning in Serbia. Int. J. Environ. Res., 5(2), 371-380, DOI:10.22059/IJER.2011.322Dragicevic S., Filipovic D., Kostadinov S., Ristic R., Novkovic I., Zivkovic N., Andjelkovic G., Abolmasov B., Secerov V., and Djurdjic S. (2011). Natural Hazard Assessment for Land-use Planning in Serbia. Int. J. Environ. Res., 5(2), 371-380, DOI:10.22059/IJER.2011.322Gavrilović Lj., Milanović Pešić А., and Urošev M. (2012). A Hidrological Analysis of the Greatest Floods in the Serbia in the 1960-2010 Period. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 7(4):107-116.Gavrilović Lj., Milanović Pešić А., and Urošev M. (2012). A Hidrological Analysis of the Greatest Floods in the Serbia in the 1960-2010 Period. Carpathian Journal of Earth and Environmental Sciences, 7(4):107-116.National Research Council (2011). Global Change and Extreme Hydrology: Testing Conventional Wisdom Washington, DC: National Research Council, The National Academies Press.National Research Council (2011). Global Change and Extreme Hydrology: Testing Conventional Wisdom Washington, DC: National Research Council, The National Academies Press.Gavrilović Lj. (1981). Poplave u Srbiji u 20. veku - uzroci i posledice (Floods in Serbia in XX century – causes and consequences). Posebno izdanje SGD, no 52. BelgradeGavrilović Lj. (1981). Poplave u Srbiji u 20. veku - uzroci i posledice (Floods in Serbia in XX century – causes and consequences). Posebno izdanje SGD, no 52. BelgradeGavrilović S. (1972). Inženjering o bujičnim tokovima i eroziji (Engineering of torrents and erosion). Izgradnja – special issue, Belgrade.Gavrilović S. (1972). Inženjering o bujičnim tokovima i eroziji (Engineering of torrents and erosion). Izgradnja – special issue, Belgrade.Gavrilović Z., Stefanović M., Milovanović I., Milojević M., and Jurišić S. (2009). Achieved results of the fight against torrential floods and soil erosion. In: D. Isailović and S. Petković, eds. Water resources management in Serbia ’09. Institute for Water resources Management „Jaroslav Černi“. Belgrade: 233-244. (in Serbian)Gavrilović Z., Stefanović M., Milovanović I., Milojević M., and Jurišić S. (2009). Achieved results of the fight against torrential floods and soil erosion. In: D. Isailović and S. Petković, eds. Water resources management in Serbia ’09. Institute for Water resources Management „Jaroslav Černi“. Belgrade: 233-244. (in Serbian)Gradel A., Sukhbaatar G., Karthe D., and Kang H. (2019). Forest Management In Mongolia – A Review Of Challenges And Lessons Learned With Special Reference To Degradation And Deforestation. Geography, Environment, Sustainability, 12, (3), 133-166, DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2019-102Gradel A., Sukhbaatar G., Karthe D., and Kang H. (2019). Forest Management In Mongolia – A Review Of Challenges And Lessons Learned With Special Reference To Degradation And Deforestation. Geography, Environment, Sustainability, 12, (3), 133-166, DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2019-102Gosling S. and Arnell N. (2013). A global assessment of the impact of climate change on water scarcity. Climatic Change, 134, 371–385. DOI: 10.1007/s10584-013-0853-xGosling S. and Arnell N. (2013). A global assessment of the impact of climate change on water scarcity. Climatic Change, 134, 371–385. DOI: 10.1007/s10584-013-0853-xHartmann D.L, Klein Tank A.M.G, Rusticucci M, Alexander L.V., Brönnimann S., Charabi Y., Dentener F.J., Dlugokencky E.J., Easterling D.R., Kaplan A., Soden B.J., Thorne P.W., Wild M., and Zhai P.M. (2013). Observations: Atmosphere and Surface. In: T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M.Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex, and P.M. Midgley, eds. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.Hartmann D.L, Klein Tank A.M.G, Rusticucci M, Alexander L.V., Brönnimann S., Charabi Y., Dentener F.J., Dlugokencky E.J., Easterling D.R., Kaplan A., Soden B.J., Thorne P.W., Wild M., and Zhai P.M. (2013). Observations: Atmosphere and Surface. In: T.F. Stocker, D. Qin, G.-K. Plattner, M.Tignor, S.K. Allen, J. Boschung, A. Nauels, Y. Xia, V. Bex, and P.M. Midgley, eds. Climate Change 2013: The Physical Science Basis. Contribution of Working Group I to the Fifth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, United Kingdom and New York, NY, USA.EM-DAT (2024). Number of global reported natural disaster and economic damages. http://www.emdat.be [Accessed 30 Apr. 2024].EM-DAT (2024). Number of global reported natural disaster and economic damages. http://www.emdat.be [Accessed 30 Apr. 2024].Jakob M. and Hungr O. (2005). Debris-flow hazards and related phenomena. Berlin: Springer-Praxis. p 731.Jakob M. and Hungr O. (2005). Debris-flow hazards and related phenomena. Berlin: Springer-Praxis. p 731.Kompare B. and Rismal M. (1989). Analysis of the causes of floods in Nova Gorica and protection measures taken. Collection of papers from conference „Flash floods – causes and consequences“. JUSOP 89, Kopaonik, Serbia: 244-254. (in Serbian)Kompare B. and Rismal M. (1989). Analysis of the causes of floods in Nova Gorica and protection measures taken. Collection of papers from conference „Flash floods – causes and consequences“. JUSOP 89, Kopaonik, Serbia: 244-254. (in Serbian)Kovačević-Majkić, Ј. (2009). Hidrogeografska studija reke Skrapež (Hydrogeographical study of the Skrapež River). Belgrade: Geographical institute „Jovan Cvijić“ SASA and The Serbian Geographical Society. p 133. (in Serbian with English summary)Kovačević-Majkić, Ј. (2009). Hidrogeografska studija reke Skrapež (Hydrogeographical study of the Skrapež River). Belgrade: Geographical institute „Jovan Cvijić“ SASA and The Serbian Geographical Society. p 133. (in Serbian with English summary)Kovačević-Majkić J., Urošev M., Štrbac D., and Milanović Pešić А. (2013). Torrential Floods Prevention Possibilities – Case Study of the Skrapež River watershed (Western Serbia). In: B. Raskovic, and S.Mrdja, eds. Natural Disasters: Prevention, Risk Factors and Management. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York: 175-202Kovačević-Majkić J., Urošev M., Štrbac D., and Milanović Pešić А. (2013). Torrential Floods Prevention Possibilities – Case Study of the Skrapež River watershed (Western Serbia). In: B. Raskovic, and S.Mrdja, eds. Natural Disasters: Prevention, Risk Factors and Management. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York: 175-202Kovačević-Majkić J. (2018). Torrential flood risk assessment. PhD thesis, Belgrade University, Faculty of Geography, Belgrade. p 220. (in Serbian with English summary)Kovačević-Majkić J. (2018). Torrential flood risk assessment. PhD thesis, Belgrade University, Faculty of Geography, Belgrade. p 220. (in Serbian with English summary)Kovačević-Majkić J., Miljanović D., and Doljak D. (2020). Spatial aspects of flood exposure in Serbia. In A. Milanović Pešić and D. Jakovljević, Eds. Water Resources Management: Methods, Applications and Challenges. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York: 69–122.Kovačević-Majkić J., Miljanović D., and Doljak D. (2020). Spatial aspects of flood exposure in Serbia. In A. Milanović Pešić and D. Jakovljević, Eds. Water Resources Management: Methods, Applications and Challenges. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. New York: 69–122.Mazzorana B., Comiti F., and Fuchs, S. (2013). A structured approach to enhance flood hazard assessment in mountain streams. Natural Hazards, 67(3), 991-1009, DOI: 10.1007/s11069-011-9811-yMazzorana B., Comiti F., and Fuchs, S. (2013). A structured approach to enhance flood hazard assessment in mountain streams. Natural Hazards, 67(3), 991-1009, DOI: 10.1007/s11069-011-9811-yMenković M. and Košćal M. (1981), Interpretation for the Geomorphological map of Serbia 1:100,000. Sheets: Zvornik, Vladimirci, Ljubovija, Valjevo, and Gornji Milanovac. Belgrade: Fond of expert documents of the Geological Institute of Serbia (in Serbian)Menković M. and Košćal M. (1981), Interpretation for the Geomorphological map of Serbia 1:100,000. Sheets: Zvornik, Vladimirci, Ljubovija, Valjevo, and Gornji Milanovac. Belgrade: Fond of expert documents of the Geological Institute of Serbia (in Serbian)Menković Lj. and Košćal M. (1982). Interpretation for the Geomorphological map of Serbia 1:100,000. Sheets: Višegrad, Titovo Užice, Čačak, Kraljevo, and Paraćin. Belgrade: Fond of expert documents of the Geological Institute of Serbia (in Serbian)Menković Lj. and Košćal M. (1982). Interpretation for the Geomorphological map of Serbia 1:100,000. Sheets: Višegrad, Titovo Užice, Čačak, Kraljevo, and Paraćin. Belgrade: Fond of expert documents of the Geological Institute of Serbia (in Serbian)Menković Lj., Košćal M., and Mijatović M. (1988). Interpretation for the Geomorphological map of Serbia 1:100,000. Sheets: Bela Palanka, Pirot, Breznik, and Vlasotince. Belgrade: Fond of expert documents of the Geological Institute of Serbia (in Serbian)Menković Lj., Košćal M., and Mijatović M. (1988). Interpretation for the Geomorphological map of Serbia 1:100,000. Sheets: Bela Palanka, Pirot, Breznik, and Vlasotince. Belgrade: Fond of expert documents of the Geological Institute of Serbia (in Serbian)Milić Č. (1984). Fossil and recent fans in the valley system of the Vlasina River. Journal of The Geographical Institute Cvijić, 36, 49-76 (in Serbian)Milić Č. (1984). Fossil and recent fans in the valley system of the Vlasina River. Journal of The Geographical Institute Cvijić, 36, 49-76 (in Serbian)Milošević M.V., Ćalić J., Kovačević–Majkić, J., and Petrović, A. (2015). Geomorphological indicators of natural disasters – case study of Tekija mudflow in 2014 (eastern Serbia). In D. Filipović, V. Šećerov, and Z. Radosavljević, eds. Planned and normative protection of space and environment. VIII scientific-professional conference with international participation. Belgrade: Serbian Spatial Planners Association and University of Belgrade - Faculty of Geography: 563–570 (in Serbian with English summary)Milošević M.V., Ćalić J., Kovačević–Majkić, J., and Petrović, A. (2015). Geomorphological indicators of natural disasters – case study of Tekija mudflow in 2014 (eastern Serbia). In D. Filipović, V. Šećerov, and Z. Radosavljević, eds. Planned and normative protection of space and environment. VIII scientific-professional conference with international participation. Belgrade: Serbian Spatial Planners Association and University of Belgrade - Faculty of Geography: 563–570 (in Serbian with English summary)Mrvić V., Antonović G., Čakmak D., Perović V., Maksimović S., Saljnikov E., and Nikoloski M. (2013). Pedological and pedogeochemical map of Serbia. Proceedings of The First International Congress on Soil Science and XIII National Congress in Soil Science “Soil-Water-Plant”. Beograd: 93-104Mrvić V., Antonović G., Čakmak D., Perović V., Maksimović S., Saljnikov E., and Nikoloski M. (2013). Pedological and pedogeochemical map of Serbia. Proceedings of The First International Congress on Soil Science and XIII National Congress in Soil Science “Soil-Water-Plant”. Beograd: 93-104Nolos R.C., Zamroni A., and Evina K.P. (2022). Drivers Of Deforestation And Forest Degradation In Palawan, Philippines: An Analysis Using Social-Ecological Systems (SES) And Institutional Analysis And Development (IAD) Approaches. Geography, environment, sustainability, 15(4), 44-56. https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2022-081Nolos R.C., Zamroni A., and Evina K.P. (2022). Drivers Of Deforestation And Forest Degradation In Palawan, Philippines: An Analysis Using Social-Ecological Systems (SES) And Institutional Analysis And Development (IAD) Approaches. Geography, environment, sustainability, 15(4), 44-56. https://doi.org/10.24057/2071-9388-2022-081Official Gazette of RS 86/11 (2011) National strategy for protection and rescue in emergency situations. Belgrade (in Serbian)Official Gazette of RS 86/11 (2011) National strategy for protection and rescue in emergency situations. Belgrade (in Serbian)Petrović A., Kostadinov S., and Dragićević S. (2014). The Inventory and Characterization of Torrential Flood Phenomenon in Serbia. Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 23(3), 823-830Petrović A., Kostadinov S., and Dragićević S. (2014). The Inventory and Characterization of Torrential Flood Phenomenon in Serbia. Pol. J. Environ. Stud., 23(3), 823-830Radović R. and Todorović N. (1989). Announcement of flood wave on small watercourses by MRL-5 meteorological radar. Analysis of the causes of floods in Nova Gorica and protection measures taken. Collection of papers from conference „Flash floods – causes and consequences“. JUSOP 89, Kopaonik, Serbia. pp 191-198. (in Serbian)Radović R. and Todorović N. (1989). Announcement of flood wave on small watercourses by MRL-5 meteorological radar. Analysis of the causes of floods in Nova Gorica and protection measures taken. Collection of papers from conference „Flash floods – causes and consequences“. JUSOP 89, Kopaonik, Serbia. pp 191-198. (in Serbian)Ristić R. and Malošević D. (2011). Hydrology of torrential watercourses. Belgrade: Faculty of Forestry (in Serbian)Ristić R. and Malošević D. (2011). Hydrology of torrential watercourses. Belgrade: Faculty of Forestry (in Serbian)Ristić R., Kostadinov S., Abolmasov B., Dragićević S., Trivan G., Radić B., Trifunović M., and Radosavljević Z. (2012). Torrential floods and town and country planning in Serbia. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 23-35, DOI: 10.5194/nhess-12-23-2012Ristić R., Kostadinov S., Abolmasov B., Dragićević S., Trivan G., Radić B., Trifunović M., and Radosavljević Z. (2012). Torrential floods and town and country planning in Serbia. Nat. Hazards Earth Syst. Sci., 12, 23-35, DOI: 10.5194/nhess-12-23-2012Shiklomanov I.A. and Rodda J.C., eds. (2003). World Water Resources at the Beginning of the 21st Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 435.Shiklomanov I.A. and Rodda J.C., eds. (2003). World Water Resources at the Beginning of the 21st Century. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press. p 435.Shimizu Y, Tokashiki N, and Okada F. (2002). The September 2000 Torrential Rain Disaster in the Tokai Region: Investigation of a mountain disaster caused by heavy rain in three prefectures; Aichi, Gifu and Nagano. Journal of Natural Disaster Science, 24(2), 51-59Shimizu Y, Tokashiki N, and Okada F. (2002). The September 2000 Torrential Rain Disaster in the Tokai Region: Investigation of a mountain disaster caused by heavy rain in three prefectures; Aichi, Gifu and Nagano. Journal of Natural Disaster Science, 24(2), 51-59Stojkov K., Šušić N., and Šijaković J. (1998). Geological hazards and risks. Announcements from the XIII Congress of Geologists of Yugoslavia, book V - Hydrogeology and engineering geology. Herceg Novi, Montenegro: 461-467. (in Serbian)Stojkov K., Šušić N., and Šijaković J. (1998). Geological hazards and risks. Announcements from the XIII Congress of Geologists of Yugoslavia, book V - Hydrogeology and engineering geology. Herceg Novi, Montenegro: 461-467. (in Serbian)UN, EU, and World bank group (2014). Poplave u Srbiji 2014 (Floods in Serbia 2014). Belgrade, p.176UN, EU, and World bank group (2014). Poplave u Srbiji 2014 (Floods in Serbia 2014). Belgrade, p.176UNDP Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery (2004). Reducing Disaster Risk: A Challenge for Development. A Global Report. Pelling M, Maskrey A, et al., eds. USA: John S. Swift Co. p 146.UNDP Bureau for Crisis Prevention and Recovery (2004). Reducing Disaster Risk: A Challenge for Development. A Global Report. Pelling M, Maskrey A, et al., eds. USA: John S. Swift Co. p 146.Varazanashvili O., Tsereteli N., Amiranashvili A., Tsereteli E., Elizbarashvili E., Dolidze J., Qaldani L., Saluqvadze M., Adamia S., Arevadze N., and Gventcadze A. (2012). Vulnerability, hazards and multiple risk assessment for Georgia. Natural Hazards, 64:2021-2056. DOI: 10.1007/s11069-012-0374-3Varazanashvili O., Tsereteli N., Amiranashvili A., Tsereteli E., Elizbarashvili E., Dolidze J., Qaldani L., Saluqvadze M., Adamia S., Arevadze N., and Gventcadze A. (2012). Vulnerability, hazards and multiple risk assessment for Georgia. Natural Hazards, 64:2021-2056. DOI: 10.1007/s11069-012-0374-3Vujisić T, Kalenić M, Navala M., and Lončarević Č. (1981). Interpretation for the Basic Geological map, sheet Lapovo. Belgrade: Federal Geological Survey (in Serbian)Vujisić T, Kalenić M, Navala M., and Lončarević Č. (1981). Interpretation for the Basic Geological map, sheet Lapovo. Belgrade: Federal Geological Survey (in Serbian)Vujisić T, Navala M, Kalenić M, Krstić B, Maslarević Lj, Marković B, and Buković J. (1980). Interpretation for the Basic Geological map, sheet Bela Palanka. Belgrade: Federal Geological Survey (in Serbian)Vujisić T, Navala M, Kalenić M, Krstić B, Maslarević Lj, Marković B, and Buković J. (1980). Interpretation for the Basic Geological map, sheet Bela Palanka. Belgrade: Federal Geological Survey (in Serbian)Wang L., Zhang Z., and Klaghofer E. (1996). Torrent classification and hazard zone mapping with GIS in the PR China. Internationales Symposion, Interpraevent 1996. Tagungspublikation 3, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Deutschland: 5-18.Wang L., Zhang Z., and Klaghofer E. (1996). Torrent classification and hazard zone mapping with GIS in the PR China. Internationales Symposion, Interpraevent 1996. Tagungspublikation 3, Garmisch-Partenkirchen, Deutschland: 5-18.Zhou Y., Liu Y., Wu W., and Li N. (2015). Integrated risk assessment of multi-hazards in China. Natural Hazards, 78, 257-280, DOI: 10.1007/s11069-015-1713-yZhou Y., Liu Y., Wu W., and Li N. (2015). Integrated risk assessment of multi-hazards in China. Natural Hazards, 78, 257-280, DOI: 10.1007/s11069-015-1713-yZhuang Y., Du C., Zhang L., Du Y., and Li, S. (2015). Research trends and hotspots in soil erosion from 1932 to 2013: a literature review. Scientometrics 105, 743–758. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1706-3Zhuang Y., Du C., Zhang L., Du Y., and Li, S. (2015). Research trends and hotspots in soil erosion from 1932 to 2013: a literature review. Scientometrics 105, 743–758. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11192-015-1706-3

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.