gesjGEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITYGEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY2071-93882542-1565Russian Geographical Society10.24057/2071-9388-2022-091gesj-2843Research ArticleRESEARCH PAPERСтатьиChanges In The Modern Range Of The Great Bustard Otis Tarda In Uzbekistan Under The Influence Of Agricultural Transformation Of Landscapes And ClimateKashkarovR. D.

Bogi-Shamol Str., 232 B, Tashkent, 100053

Bogi-Shamol Str., 232 B, Tashkent, 100053

roman.kashkarov@iba.uzTenA.

Bogi-Shamol Str., 232 B, Tashkent, 100053

Bogi-Shamol Str., 232 B, Tashkent, 100053

MitropolskayaYu. O.

Bogi-Shamol Str., 232 B, Tashkent, 100053

SoldatovV.

Bogi-Shamol Str., 232 B, Tashkent, 100053

Institute of zoology; Uzbekistan Society for the protection of birdsUzbekistanInstitute of zoologyUzbekistan202307042023161140149Copyright © Kashkarov R.D., Ten A., Mitropolskaya Y.O., Soldatov V., 20232023Kashkarov R.D., Ten A., Mitropolskaya Y.O., Soldatov V.Kashkarov R.D., Ten A., Mitropolskaya Y.O., Soldatov V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/2843

Previously, there was no special study of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda) in Uzbekistan. The first Bustard survey was conducted within the Winter Bustards Census Programme of the Eurasian Bustard Alliance in 2019. The discovery of a Great Bustards aggregation of 96 individuals in Jizzakh region showed that the wintering grounds are more stable than was expected before and that there is no information about the wintering grounds of this species in the country. The aim of this work was to find other wintering grounds, estimate the number of wintering Great Bustards and assess threats. The identification of potential wintering grounds was carried out using satellite images in Q-GIS 3.0 based on published records of the Great Bustard in the winter season. The field survey of the Great Bustard was carried out using two methods. The first one was based on car transects, which is suitable for natural habitats. The second method that we used on open rain-fed fields, was point count from higher locations. Both methods give the actual number of birds, and could not be used for extrapolation as this species’ distribution is fragmented. In 2020-2021 we covered a considerable part of the foothill plains of the central part of Uzbekistan. As a result, two wintering grounds were identified in which about 500 Great Bustards were concentrated. The surveys also made it possible to identify the main threats, which are poaching and collision with power lines. The results highlighted wintering grounds which required conservation.

the Great Bustardwintering groundsrare speciesconservationThe study was conducted within the framework of the programme “Conservation of Wintering Great Bustard (VU) in Uzbekistan” by the Uzbekistan Society for the Protection of Birds (UzSPB), with the support of the Mark Constantine international conservation foundation and Eurasian Bustard Alliance (headed by Dr. Aimee Kessler). We thank Timur Abduraupov from the Institute of Zoology and Jurabek Tulaev – a UzSPB member, for participating in the fieldwork. Special thanks to Abdurasul Khaydarov (local guide) for his active role in this survey and the worries of Great Bustards.ReferencesAlonso J.C. and Palacín C.A. (2010). The world status and population trends of the great Bustard (Otis tarda). Chinese Birds, 1, 141-147.Alonso J.C. and Palacín C.A. (2010). The world status and population trends of the great Bustard (Otis tarda). Chinese Birds, 1, 141-147.Alonso J.A., Alonso J.C., Hellmich J. (1990). Metodología propuesta para los censos de avutardas. In: Alonso, J.C., Alonso, J.A. eds., Parámetros demográficos, selección de hábitat y distribución de la Avutarda en tres regiones españolas, 1st ed. Madrid: Icona, 86-98Alonso J.A., Alonso J.C., Hellmich J. (1990). Metodología propuesta para los censos de avutardas. In: Alonso, J.C., Alonso, J.A. eds., Parámetros demográficos, selección de hábitat y distribución de la Avutarda en tres regiones españolas, 1st ed. Madrid: Icona, 86-98Alonso J. C., Palacín, C. A., Alonso, J. A. and Martín, C. A. (2009). Post-breeding migration in male Great Bustards: low tolerance of the heaviest Palaearctic bird to summer heat. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 63, 1705-1715.Alonso J. C., Palacín, C. A., Alonso, J. A. and Martín, C. A. (2009). Post-breeding migration in male Great Bustards: low tolerance of the heaviest Palaearctic bird to summer heat. Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol., 63, 1705-1715.Alonso J.C. (2014). The Great Bustard: past, present and future of a globally threatened species. Ornis Hungarica 22(2), 1-13.Alonso J.C. (2014). The Great Bustard: past, present and future of a globally threatened species. Ornis Hungarica 22(2), 1-13.Beresovikov N.N., Anisimov E.I., Levinskiy Yu.P., Zinchenko Yu.K., Kovalenko A.V., Gavrilov E.I., Gavrilov A.E., Belyalov O.V., Gubin B.M., Levin A.C., Karpov F.F. (2002). Great Bustard. Kazakhstan ornithological bulletin, 1, 74-77 (in Russian).Beresovikov N.N., Anisimov E.I., Levinskiy Yu.P., Zinchenko Yu.K., Kovalenko A.V., Gavrilov E.I., Gavrilov A.E., Belyalov O.V., Gubin B.M., Levin A.C., Karpov F.F. (2002). Great Bustard. Kazakhstan ornithological bulletin, 1, 74-77 (in Russian).Berezovikov N.N., Levinskii Y.P. (2005). Overwintering of Great Bustards in the Alakol’ Basin in 2004–2005, Russian Ornithological Journal, 289, 489-491 (in Russian).Berezovikov N.N., Levinskii Y.P. (2005). Overwintering of Great Bustards in the Alakol’ Basin in 2004–2005, Russian Ornithological Journal, 289, 489-491 (in Russian).Berezovikov N.N., Levinskii Y.P. (2012). Overwintering of the Great Bustard in the Alakol’ depression form 2011–2012, Russian Ornithological Journal №758, 1153–1155 (in Russian)Berezovikov N.N., Levinskii Y.P. (2012). Overwintering of the Great Bustard in the Alakol’ depression form 2011–2012, Russian Ornithological Journal №758, 1153–1155 (in Russian)BirdLife International (2022). Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/great-Bustard-otis-tarda/text.BirdLife International (2022). Available at: http://datazone.birdlife.org/species/factsheet/great-Bustard-otis-tarda/text.Bostanzhoglo V.N. (1911). Ornithological fauna of the Aral-Caspian steppes. Moscow, Russia (in Russian).Bostanzhoglo V.N. (1911). Ornithological fauna of the Aral-Caspian steppes. Moscow, Russia (in Russian).Bravo C., Ponce C., Palacín C.A., Alonso J.C. (2012). Diet of young Great Bustards Otis tarda in Spain: sexual and seasonal differences. Bird Study, 59(2), 243-251.Bravo C., Ponce C., Palacín C.A., Alonso J.C. (2012). Diet of young Great Bustards Otis tarda in Spain: sexual and seasonal differences. Bird Study, 59(2), 243-251.Chan S., Goroshko O.A. (1998). Action plan for conservation of the Great Bustard. BirdLife International, Tokyo, Japan.Chan S., Goroshko O.A. (1998). Action plan for conservation of the Great Bustard. BirdLife International, Tokyo, Japan.Gewalt W. (1959). Die Großtrappe (Great Bustard). Die neue Brehm-Bücherei. Wittenberg Lutherstadt, Germany.Gewalt W. (1959). Die Großtrappe (Great Bustard). Die neue Brehm-Bücherei. Wittenberg Lutherstadt, Germany.Gubin B.M. (1996). Great Bustard. In: A. Kovshar, ed., Red Book of Kazakhstan, 3st ed. Almaty: Konjyk, 168-169 (in Russian)Gubin B.M. (1996). Great Bustard. In: A. Kovshar, ed., Red Book of Kazakhstan, 3st ed. Almaty: Konjyk, 168-169 (in Russian)Heunks C., Heunks E., Eken G., Kurt B. (2001). Distribution and current status of Great Bustard Otis tarda in the Konya Basin, central Turkey. Sandgrouse 23, 106-111.Heunks C., Heunks E., Eken G., Kurt B. (2001). Distribution and current status of Great Bustard Otis tarda in the Konya Basin, central Turkey. Sandgrouse 23, 106-111.Huntley B., Green R.E., Collingham Y.C., Willis S.G. (2007). A climatic atlas of European breeding birds. Barcelona: Durham University, the RSPB and Lynx Edicions. IUCN (2016). A Global Standard for the Identification of Key Biodiversity Areas, Version 1.0. 1 ed. Gland, Switzerland: IUCNHuntley B., Green R.E., Collingham Y.C., Willis S.G. (2007). A climatic atlas of European breeding birds. Barcelona: Durham University, the RSPB and Lynx Edicions. IUCN (2016). A Global Standard for the Identification of Key Biodiversity Areas, Version 1.0. 1 ed. Gland, Switzerland: IUCNJanss G.F.E. and Ferrer M. (2000). Common crane and great Bustard collision with power lines: collision rate and risk exposure. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 28(3), 675-680.Janss G.F.E. and Ferrer M. (2000). Common crane and great Bustard collision with power lines: collision rate and risk exposure. Wildlife Society Bulletin, 28(3), 675-680.Kashkaro R.D., Mitropolskaya Yu.O., Ten A.G. (2022). The historic and current status of the Great Bustard Otis tarda tarda in Uzbekistan and prospects for its conservation. Sandgrouse, 44(1), 26-34Kashkaro R.D., Mitropolskaya Yu.O., Ten A.G. (2022). The historic and current status of the Great Bustard Otis tarda tarda in Uzbekistan and prospects for its conservation. Sandgrouse, 44(1), 26-34Kessler M. (2016). Modern status of Great Bustard in Cental Asia and steps for conservation. Steppe Bulletin, 46, 61-69. (in Russian)Kessler M. (2016). Modern status of Great Bustard in Cental Asia and steps for conservation. Steppe Bulletin, 46, 61-69. (in Russian)Kessler M., Batbayar N. (2014). Proposal to list the global population of Great Bustard on Appendix I, submitted by the Government ofKessler M., Batbayar N. (2014). Proposal to list the global population of Great Bustard on Appendix I, submitted by the Government ofMongolia to the Convention on Migratory Species in 2014. UNEP/CMS/ScC18/Doc.7.2.4: Proposal 1Mongolia to the Convention on Migratory Species in 2014. UNEP/CMS/ScC18/Doc.7.2.4: Proposal 1Khokhlov A.N., Il’yukh M.P., Shevtsov A.S., Khokhlov N.A. (2010). On the significant decreases in migratory and wintering Great Bustards inKhokhlov A.N., Il’yukh M.P., Shevtsov A.S., Khokhlov N.A. (2010). On the significant decreases in migratory and wintering Great Bustards inStavropol Krai. Ornithology in Northern Eurasia. Materials of the 13th International Ornithological Congress of Northern Eurasia. Orenburg, 319 (in Russian)Stavropol Krai. Ornithology in Northern Eurasia. Materials of the 13th International Ornithological Congress of Northern Eurasia. Orenburg, 319 (in Russian)Kreuzberg-Mukhina E.A. (2003). The current status of Bustard species in Uzbekistan. Bustards of Russia and adjacent countries, 2. Saratov, 64-75 (in Russian)Kreuzberg-Mukhina E.A. (2003). The current status of Bustard species in Uzbekistan. Bustards of Russia and adjacent countries, 2. Saratov, 64-75 (in Russian)Lane S.J., Alonso J.C., Martín C.A. (2001). Habitat preferences of Great Bustard Otis tarda flocks in the arable steppes of central Spain: are potentially suitable areas unoccupied? J. Appl. Ecol., 38, 193-203Lane S.J., Alonso J.C., Martín C.A. (2001). Habitat preferences of Great Bustard Otis tarda flocks in the arable steppes of central Spain: are potentially suitable areas unoccupied? J. Appl. Ecol., 38, 193-203Lanovenko E.N., Filatova E.A. (2019). Great Bustard. In: The Red Data Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Vol. II. Animals. Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Chinor ENK publishing house. (in Russian with English summary)Lanovenko E.N., Filatova E.A. (2019). Great Bustard. In: The Red Data Book of the Republic of Uzbekistan. Vol. II. Animals. Tashkent, Uzbekistan: Chinor ENK publishing house. (in Russian with English summary)Meklenburtsev R.N. (1953). Fauna of the Uzbek SSR. Vol 2: Birds, Part 1. Tashkent, Uzbek SSR: FAN publishing house. (in Russian)Meklenburtsev R.N. (1953). Fauna of the Uzbek SSR. Vol 2: Birds, Part 1. Tashkent, Uzbek SSR: FAN publishing house. (in Russian)Meklenburtsev R.N. (1990). Order Gruiformes. In: N. Matchanov, A. Sagitov, ed., Birds of Uzbekistan, 2. Tashkent, Uzbek SSR: FAN publishing house, 7-10 (in Russian)Meklenburtsev R.N. (1990). Order Gruiformes. In: N. Matchanov, A. Sagitov, ed., Birds of Uzbekistan, 2. Tashkent, Uzbek SSR: FAN publishing house, 7-10 (in Russian)Oparin M.L., Oparina O.S., Kondratenkov I.A., Mamaev A.B., Piskunov V.V. (2013). Factors causing long-term dynamics in the abundance of the Trans-Volga Great Bustard (Otis tarda L.) population. Biol. Bull., 40, 843-853 (in Russian).Oparin M.L., Oparina O.S., Kondratenkov I.A., Mamaev A.B., Piskunov V.V. (2013). Factors causing long-term dynamics in the abundance of the Trans-Volga Great Bustard (Otis tarda L.) population. Biol. Bull., 40, 843-853 (in Russian).Oparina O.S., Oparin M.L., Kudryavtsev A.Yu., Oparina A.M. (2022). Characteristics of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda) (Otididae, Aves) habitatsOparina O.S., Oparin M.L., Kudryavtsev A.Yu., Oparina A.M. (2022). Characteristics of the Great Bustard (Otis tarda) (Otididae, Aves) habitatsin the Trans-Volga region according to food availability during the chick rearing period. Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology, (1), 34-54 (in Russian)in the Trans-Volga region according to food availability during the chick rearing period. Povolzhskiy Journal of Ecology, (1), 34-54 (in Russian)Raab R., Schütz C., Spakovszky P., Julius E., Schulze C.H. (2012). Underground cabling and marking of power lines: conservation measures rapidly reduced mortality of West -Pannonian Great Bustards Otis tarda. Bird Conservation International, 22, 299-306, DOI: 10.1017/S0959270911000463.Raab R., Schütz C., Spakovszky P., Julius E., Schulze C.H. (2012). Underground cabling and marking of power lines: conservation measures rapidly reduced mortality of West -Pannonian Great Bustards Otis tarda. Bird Conservation International, 22, 299-306, DOI: 10.1017/S0959270911000463.Salikhbaev H.S. (1983). Great Bustard. In: Red Data Book of Uzbek SSR. Rare and endangered species of animals and plants. Vol. I. Vertebrates. Sadykov A. S. ed. Tashkent, Uzbek SSR: FAN publishing house (in Russian)Salikhbaev H.S. (1983). Great Bustard. In: Red Data Book of Uzbek SSR. Rare and endangered species of animals and plants. Vol. I. Vertebrates. Sadykov A. S. ed. Tashkent, Uzbek SSR: FAN publishing house (in Russian)Salikhbaev H.S., Ostapenko M.M. (1964). Birds. In: Ecology and economic value of vertebrate animals of Southern Uzbekistan (Surkhandarya Basin). Bogdanov O. P. ed. Tashkent, Uzbek SSR: FAN publishing house (in Russian)Salikhbaev H.S., Ostapenko M.M. (1964). Birds. In: Ecology and economic value of vertebrate animals of Southern Uzbekistan (Surkhandarya Basin). Bogdanov O. P. ed. Tashkent, Uzbek SSR: FAN publishing house (in Russian)Shakula G., Baskakova S., Shakula D., Shakula S. (2016). Great Bustard (Otis tarda) on the southern Kazakhstan. Ornithol. conf. « Birds and agriculture: current state, problems and prospects for study». Moscow, 313-318. (in Russian)Shakula G., Baskakova S., Shakula D., Shakula S. (2016). Great Bustard (Otis tarda) on the southern Kazakhstan. Ornithol. conf. « Birds and agriculture: current state, problems and prospects for study». Moscow, 313-318. (in Russian)Ten A.G., Tulayev J.A., Soldatov V.A., Khaydarov A. (2020). Wintering grounds of Great Bustard Otis tarda in the Jizzakh region and threats. Zoological science of Uzbekistan: modern problems and development prospects. Materials of II national science conf., 281-283. Tashkent, Uzbekistan: FAN publishing house (in Russian with English summary).Ten A.G., Tulayev J.A., Soldatov V.A., Khaydarov A. (2020). Wintering grounds of Great Bustard Otis tarda in the Jizzakh region and threats. Zoological science of Uzbekistan: modern problems and development prospects. Materials of II national science conf., 281-283. Tashkent, Uzbekistan: FAN publishing house (in Russian with English summary).

The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.