<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gesj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-9388</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-1565</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Geographical Society</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24057/2071-9388-2022-008</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gesj-2717</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH PAPER</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Статьи</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Assessing The Intersected Relationship Between Land Use And Transportation Planning</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Tal</surname><given-names>Raed Al</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Architecture and Interior Architecture</p><p>P.O. Box 35247, 11180, Amman</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">Raedaltal@Yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Theodory</surname><given-names>Rawan</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Architecture and Interior Architecture</p><p>P.O. Box 35247, 11180, Amman</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Bazlamit</surname><given-names>Subhi M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Engineering ,Department of Civil Engineering</p><p>Amman</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>German Jordanian University, School of Architecture and Built</institution><country>Jordan</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-2"><institution>Al-Zaytoonah University of Jordan</institution><country>Jordan</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>17</day><month>01</month><year>2023</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>80</fpage><lpage>89</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Tal R.A., Theodory R., Bazlamit S.M., 2023</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2023</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Tal R.A., Theodory R., Bazlamit S.M.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Tal R.A., Theodory R., Bazlamit S.M.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/2717">https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/2717</self-uri><abstract><p>This research analyses the causes of traffic congestion in urban corridors. It specifically studies the intersected relationship between land-use and transportation planning by examining Al-Madina Al Monawara street in Amman, the capital of Jordan, as a case study. Techniques implemented in data collection are personal observations, traffic counts, land use maps and questionnaires. The methods applied in analysing the collected traffic counts are: Level of Service (LOS), Automatic Traffic Counters (ATC) and Trip Attraction Analysis (TAA). The outcome of the research verified the relationship between the high level of traffic, where the traffic exceeds the actual capacity of the street by 43%, and the unregulated land use planning where 85% of the existing buildings along the street are commercial. The findings of this research will help to establish an assessment tool for testing the impacts of transportation and land use in congested developing cities. This study is important since transportation solutions receive little attention by planner’s development agendas in Jordan and the neighbouring countries.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Urban corridors</kwd><kwd>Traffic congestion</kwd><kwd>Land-use planning</kwd><kwd>Transportation</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ababsa M. (2013). Altlas of Jordan , Presses de l’Ifpo, Institut français du Proche-Orient. Beirut. https://books.openedition.org/ifpo/5046. [Accessed 8July 2022].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ababsa M. (2013). Altlas of Jordan , Presses de l’Ifpo, Institut français du Proche-Orient. Beirut. https://books.openedition.org/ifpo/5046. [Accessed 8July 2022].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alhabashneh, F. (2013). [Al Madinah Al Monawarah Street: A model of traffic congestion and chaos day and night]. [online] [Jafranews], (in Arabic with English summary). https://jfranews.com.jo/article/77533. [Accessed 20May 2022].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alhabashneh, F. (2013). [Al Madinah Al Monawarah Street: A model of traffic congestion and chaos day and night]. [online] [Jafranews], (in Arabic with English summary). https://jfranews.com.jo/article/77533. [Accessed 20May 2022].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Al Tal R. (2006). Structures of authority: A sociopolitical account of architectural and urban programs in Amman-Jordan (1953-1999). Unpublished PhD Dissertation, State University of New York, USA.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Al Tal R. (2006). Structures of authority: A sociopolitical account of architectural and urban programs in Amman-Jordan (1953-1999). Unpublished PhD Dissertation, State University of New York, USA.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bharadwaj S., Ballare S., Rohit, Chandel M.K. (2017). Impact of congestion on greenhouse gas emission for road transport in Mumbai metropolitan region Transportation ReaserchProcedia. (25) 3538-3551, DOI: 10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.282, https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/9aa57de5-c805-31d5-9c7c-df109a7ce123/ [Accessed 15 May 2022]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bharadwaj S., Ballare S., Rohit, Chandel M.K. (2017). Impact of congestion on greenhouse gas emission for road transport in Mumbai metropolitan region Transportation ReaserchProcedia. (25) 3538-3551, DOI: 10.1016/j.trpro.2017.05.282, https://www.mendeley.com/catalogue/9aa57de5-c805-31d5-9c7c-df109a7ce123/ [Accessed 15 May 2022]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Carmona M., Heath T., Oc T., &amp; Tiesdell S. (2012). Public places-Urban spaces. Routledge.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Carmona M., Heath T., Oc T., &amp; Tiesdell S. (2012). Public places-Urban spaces. Routledge.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cavoli C. (2017). «Past, Present and Future mobility challenges and opportunities in Amman», UCL Centre for Transport Studies.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cavoli C. (2017). «Past, Present and Future mobility challenges and opportunities in Amman», UCL Centre for Transport Studies.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cervero R.B. (2013). Linking urban transport and land use in developing countries. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 6(1), 7-24, DOI: 10.5198/jtlu.v6i1.425.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cervero R.B. (2013). Linking urban transport and land use in developing countries. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 6(1), 7-24, DOI: 10.5198/jtlu.v6i1.425.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cupers K., Miessen M. (2002). Spaces of Uncertainty, Wuppertal: Verlag Muller and Busmann.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cupers K., Miessen M. (2002). Spaces of Uncertainty, Wuppertal: Verlag Muller and Busmann.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Doron G.M. (2000). The dead zone and the architecture of transgression. City, 4(2), 247-263.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Doron G.M. (2000). The dead zone and the architecture of transgression. City, 4(2), 247-263.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ekta R., Subhash A., Madha S.V., Poonam S., Anju S., Suraj K. (2021). Traffic Congestion In Azadpur Mandi: A Study On The Largest Vegetables And Fruits Market Of Asia. GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY;14(1):122-13, DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2020-209. [Accessed 15 May 2022]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ekta R., Subhash A., Madha S.V., Poonam S., Anju S., Suraj K. (2021). Traffic Congestion In Azadpur Mandi: A Study On The Largest Vegetables And Fruits Market Of Asia. GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY;14(1):122-13, DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2020-209. [Accessed 15 May 2022]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gakenheimer R. (1999). Urban mobility in the developing world. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 33(7-8), 671-689, DOI: 10.1016/S0965-8564(99)00005-1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gakenheimer R. (1999). Urban mobility in the developing world. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 33(7-8), 671-689, DOI: 10.1016/S0965-8564(99)00005-1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gakenheimer R. (2011). Land use and transport in rapidly motorizing cities: Contexts of controversy. In H. T. Dimitriou &amp; R. Gakenheimer (Eds.), Urban transport in the developing world: A handbook of policy and practice (pp. 40–68). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. GAM, (2020). https://www.ammancity.gov.jo/ar/main/index.aspx [Accessed 10 Apr. 2020]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gakenheimer R. (2011). Land use and transport in rapidly motorizing cities: Contexts of controversy. In H. T. Dimitriou &amp; R. Gakenheimer (Eds.), Urban transport in the developing world: A handbook of policy and practice (pp. 40–68). Cheltenham, UK: Edward Elgar Publishing. GAM, (2020). https://www.ammancity.gov.jo/ar/main/index.aspx [Accessed 10 Apr. 2020]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kamal A., Waleed C. (2019).”Integrating and land use Development approach on the Commercial corridor of Baroshke neighborhood.” University ofDuhok. https://www.academia.edu/41583138/Integrating_Transportation_and_Land_use_Development_Approaches_on_the_Commercial_Corridor_of_Baroshke_Neighborhood [Accessed 25 May 2022].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kamal A., Waleed C. (2019).”Integrating and land use Development approach on the Commercial corridor of Baroshke neighborhood.” University ofDuhok. https://www.academia.edu/41583138/Integrating_Transportation_and_Land_use_Development_Approaches_on_the_Commercial_Corridor_of_Baroshke_Neighborhood [Accessed 25 May 2022].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kandt J. (2018). Heterogeneous links between urban form and mobility: A comparison of São Paulo, Istanbul and Mumbai. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 11(1), DOI: 10.5198/jtlu.2018.1359. [Accessed 22 May 2022].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kandt J. (2018). Heterogeneous links between urban form and mobility: A comparison of São Paulo, Istanbul and Mumbai. Journal of Transport and Land Use, 11(1), DOI: 10.5198/jtlu.2018.1359. [Accessed 22 May 2022].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kesuma A., Rohman A., Prastyanto A. (2019). Risk analysis of traffic congestion due to problem in heavy vehicles: a concept, OP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 650:012011, IOP Publishing, DOI:10.1088/1757-899X/650/1/012011. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/650/1/012011/pdf. [Accessed 15 May 2022].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kesuma A., Rohman A., Prastyanto A. (2019). Risk analysis of traffic congestion due to problem in heavy vehicles: a concept, OP Conf. Series: Materials Science and Engineering 650:012011, IOP Publishing, DOI:10.1088/1757-899X/650/1/012011. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/650/1/012011/pdf. [Accessed 15 May 2022].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kodukula S. (2018). Integrating Land Use Planning and Urban Transport for Low Carbon Cities. Intergovernmental Eleventh Regional Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) Forum in Asia. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339988778_Integrating_Land_Use_Planning_and_Urban_Transport_for_Low_Carbon_Cities. [Accessed 50 May 2022]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kodukula S. (2018). Integrating Land Use Planning and Urban Transport for Low Carbon Cities. Intergovernmental Eleventh Regional Environmentally Sustainable Transport (EST) Forum in Asia. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339988778_Integrating_Land_Use_Planning_and_Urban_Transport_for_Low_Carbon_Cities. [Accessed 50 May 2022]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Jawarneh H. (2021). Exploring the Interrelation between Traffic Congestion and Land uses in Amman: Challenges and Potential, Unpublished master thesis, German Jordanian University.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Jawarneh H. (2021). Exploring the Interrelation between Traffic Congestion and Land uses in Amman: Challenges and Potential, Unpublished master thesis, German Jordanian University.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lucas K., &amp; Porter G. (2016). Mobilities and livelihoods in urban development contexts: Introduction. Journal of Transport Geography, 55, 129-131, DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.07.007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lucas K., &amp; Porter G. (2016). Mobilities and livelihoods in urban development contexts: Introduction. Journal of Transport Geography, 55, 129-131, DOI: 10.1016/j.jtrangeo.2016.07.007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lynch K. (1960). The image of the city. MIT Press.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lynch K. (1960). The image of the city. MIT Press.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mehdian M., Mirzahossein H., Kordani A. (2022). A Data-Driven Functional Classification of Urban Roadways Based on Geometric Design, Traffic Characteristics, and Land Use Features. Journal of Advanced Transportation, https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jat/2022/9970464/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mehdian M., Mirzahossein H., Kordani A. (2022). A Data-Driven Functional Classification of Urban Roadways Based on Geometric Design, Traffic Characteristics, and Land Use Features. Journal of Advanced Transportation, https://www.hindawi.com/journals/jat/2022/9970464/</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Orange Smile (2022). Detailed hi-res maps of Amman for download or print, https://www.orangesmile.com/common/img_city_maps/amman-map-0.jpg</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Orange Smile (2022). Detailed hi-res maps of Amman for download or print, https://www.orangesmile.com/common/img_city_maps/amman-map-0.jpg</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shaban L., Suleiman S., Abdel-Aziz D., Isawi H. (2018). Evaluating the Visual Pollution in Urban Corridors-Case of Al-Madina Al-Munawara Corridor, Amman. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 15(8), 288-294. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325257434_Evaluating_the_Visual_Pollution_in_Urban_Corridors_-_Case_of_Al-Madina_Al-Munawara_Corridor_Amman. [Accessed 2 June 2022]</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shaban L., Suleiman S., Abdel-Aziz D., Isawi H. (2018). Evaluating the Visual Pollution in Urban Corridors-Case of Al-Madina Al-Munawara Corridor, Amman. Research Journal of Applied Sciences, Engineering and Technology 15(8), 288-294. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/325257434_Evaluating_the_Visual_Pollution_in_Urban_Corridors_-_Case_of_Al-Madina_Al-Munawara_Corridor_Amman. [Accessed 2 June 2022]</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shatanawi M., Csete M., Meszaros F. (2018). Road User Charginh? Adaptation to the City of Amman, Conference: III. East-West Cohesion International Scientific Conferenceat: Dunaujvaros, Hungary: University of Dunaujvaros. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341297205_ROAD_USER_CHARGING_ADAPTATION_TO_THE_CITY_OF_AMMAN. [Accessed 20 May 2022].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shatanawi M., Csete M., Meszaros F. (2018). Road User Charginh? Adaptation to the City of Amman, Conference: III. East-West Cohesion International Scientific Conferenceat: Dunaujvaros, Hungary: University of Dunaujvaros. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/341297205_ROAD_USER_CHARGING_ADAPTATION_TO_THE_CITY_OF_AMMAN. [Accessed 20 May 2022].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Smadi A. (2015). «Sustainable Urban Transport: Amman Context.» https://www.codatu.org/wp-content/uploads/2-.-Ayman-Smadi.pdf. [Accessed 15 April 2021].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Smadi A. (2015). «Sustainable Urban Transport: Amman Context.» https://www.codatu.org/wp-content/uploads/2-.-Ayman-Smadi.pdf. [Accessed 15 April 2021].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tawil M., Reicher C., Ramadan K., Jafari M. (2014). «Towards More Pedestrian Friendly Streets in Jordan: The Case of Al Medina Street in Amman.» Journal of Sustainable Development, 144-158. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289064408_Towards_More_Pedestrian_Friendly_Streets_in_Jordan_The_Case_of_Al_Medina_Street_in_Amman. [Accessed 28 May 2022].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tawil M., Reicher C., Ramadan K., Jafari M. (2014). «Towards More Pedestrian Friendly Streets in Jordan: The Case of Al Medina Street in Amman.» Journal of Sustainable Development, 144-158. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/289064408_Towards_More_Pedestrian_Friendly_Streets_in_Jordan_The_Case_of_Al_Medina_Street_in_Amman. [Accessed 28 May 2022].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">The University of Jordan (2020). http://www.ju.edu.jo/Pages/AboutUJ.aspx [Accessed 10 Feb. 2020].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">The University of Jordan (2020). http://www.ju.edu.jo/Pages/AboutUJ.aspx [Accessed 10 Feb. 2020].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Urban Hamilton Official Plan (2011) https://pub-hamilton.escribemeetings.com/filestream.ashx?DocumentId=170851</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Urban Hamilton Official Plan (2011) https://pub-hamilton.escribemeetings.com/filestream.ashx?DocumentId=170851</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">World Bank Report (2017). http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/908481507403754670/Annual-Report-2017-WBG.pdf#:~:text=The%20World%20Bank%20Annual%20Report%202017%20was%20produced,and%20key%20contributions%20from%20Marjorie%20Bennington%2C%20Denise%20Bergeron%2C [Accessed 15 April 2021].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">World Bank Report (2017). http://pubdocs.worldbank.org/en/908481507403754670/Annual-Report-2017-WBG.pdf#:~:text=The%20World%20Bank%20Annual%20Report%202017%20was%20produced,and%20key%20contributions%20from%20Marjorie%20Bennington%2C%20Denise%20Bergeron%2C [Accessed 15 April 2021].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
