This research work was devoted to the development of indices of social, economic and political growth, to the practical application of these indices, and to their real-world verification with actual data. The study identified the advantages and disadvantages of the application of different indices to the assessment of growth. For example, one group of indices can be calculated, with some degree of simplification, for a fairly long time-period (half a century). Another group of indices that target the full consideration of growth includes indices that consist of a number of individual indicators though calculated for a relatively short time-period (e.g., one year only). The authors introduced specific indices of economic and social growth of countries and regions that were applied to the assessment of the social, economic, and political development of the world’s countries. The assessment was verified using actual data on the countries’ development.