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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gesj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-9388</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-1565</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Geographical Society</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24057/2071-9388-2021-141</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gesj-2331</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>RESEARCH PAPER</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Challenges in Reducing Phytotoxicity of Metals in Soils Affected by Non-Ferrous Smelter Operations</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Dovletyarova</surname><given-names>Elvira A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Landscape Design and Sustainable Ecosystems</p><p>6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Fareeva</surname><given-names>Olga S.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Landscape Design and Sustainable Ecosystems</p><p>6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brykova</surname><given-names>Ramilla A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Landscape Design and Sustainable Ecosystems</p><p>6 Miklukho-Maklaya St., Moscow, 117198</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Karpukhin</surname><given-names>Mikhail M.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Soil Science</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Smorkalov</surname><given-names>Ivan A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Brykov</surname><given-names>Vasyl A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kiev</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Gabechaya</surname><given-names>Valeriya V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Ecology</p><p>Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vidal</surname><given-names>Kooichi</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Quillota</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komárek</surname><given-names>Michael</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Department of Environmental Geosciences, Faculty of Environmental Scienc</p><p>Prague</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Neaman</surname><given-names>Alexander</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Laboratory of Bioresource Potential of Coastal Area, Institute for Advanced Studies Sevastopol State University</p><p>Crimea, </p><p>Valdivia</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">alexander.neaman@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="en">Peoples Friendship University of Russia (RUDN University)<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Plant and Animal Ecology, Ural Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="en">Institute of Botany, National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine<country>Ukraine</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="en">Russian State Agrarian University - Moscow Timiryazev Agricultural Academy<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="en">Escuela de Agronomía, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso<country>Chile</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="en">Czech University of Life Sciences Prague<country>Czech Republic</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="en">Sevastopol State University;&#13;
Centro Transdisciplinario de Estudios Ambientales y Desarrollo Humano Sostenible (CEAM), Universidad Austral de Chile<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2022</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>28</day><month>03</month><year>2022</year></pub-date><volume>15</volume><issue>1</issue><fpage>112</fpage><lpage>121</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Dovletyarova E.A., Fareeva O.S., Brykova R.A., Karpukhin M.M., Smorkalov I.A., Brykov V.A., Gabechaya V.V., Vidal K., Komárek M., Neaman A., 2022</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2022</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Dovletyarova E.A., Fareeva O.S., Brykova R.A., Karpukhin M.M., Smorkalov I.A., Brykov V.A., Gabechaya V.V., Vidal K., Komárek M., Neaman A.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Dovletyarova E.A., Fareeva O.S., Brykova R.A., Karpukhin M.M., Smorkalov I.A., Brykov V.A., Gabechaya V.V., Vidal K., Komárek M., Neaman A.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/2331">https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/2331</self-uri><abstract><p>Lime is one of the effective agents for reducing the phytoavailability of metals in contaminated acidic soils. However, previous studies have shown that lime alone cannot reduce metal phytotoxicity to the desired extent in such soils. The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of different amendment combinations (lime with and without Feand/or Mn-based amendments) on plant growth. A sample of Histosol (0-5 cm) was collected around a Cu/Ni smelter near Monchegorsk, Murmansk region, exhibiting total Cu and Ni concentrations in the soil of 6418 and 2293 mg kg-1, respectively. Likewise, a sample of forest litter (0-15 cm) was collected around a Cu smelter near Revda, Sverdlovsk region, exhibiting total Cu concentration in the soil of 5704 mg kg-1. Fe-Mn oxides were sourced from ferromanganese nodules in the Gulf of Finland, and iron powder was used as a precursor for iron oxides. Perennial ryegrass was grown in pots for 21 days under controlled laboratory conditions. Two dolomite doses were tested: 5% w/w (giving a soil pH of 6.5) and 20% w/w (giving a soil pH of 7.4). Over-liming stunted plant growth; therefore, the dolomite dose was set at 5% in the further experiments of the study. Importantly, the addition of 0.5% and 1% of Fe-Mn-oxides or iron powder did not improve the efficacy of the lime amendment in promoting plant growth in the soils. Therefore, the issue of reducing plant exposure to metals remained unresolved in the soils under study.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>heavy metals</kwd><kwd>phytoremediation</kwd><kwd>phytostabilization</kwd><kwd>Lolium perenne</kwd><kwd>phytotoxicity</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>The laboratory experiments of the present study were funded by the Russian Foundation for Basic Research (grant 20-54-26012) and the Czech Science Foundation - Grant Agency of the Czech Republic (grant 21-23794J). The writing of this article was supported by the Priority-2030 grant to Sevastopol State University (strategic project 3). The authors wish to thank Vojtěch Ettler, Denis A. Pankratov, Dmitry V. Morev and Alexander P. Zhikharev for assistance, and Irina P. Kremenetskaya for supplying soil from the Monchegorsk study area. The research team also acknowledges Andrei A. Tchourakov for editing the article. Finally, we wish to thank anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Almas A.R., McBride M.B., and Singh B.R. (2000). Solubility and lability of cadmium and zinc in two soils treated with organic matter. Soil Science 165, 250-259, DOI: 10.1097/00010694-200003000-00007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Almas A.R., McBride M.B., and Singh B.R. (2000). Solubility and lability of cadmium and zinc in two soils treated with organic matter. 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