<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gesj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-9388</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-1565</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Geographical Society</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24057/2071-9388-2014-7-2-49-70</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gesj-21</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ENVIRONMENT</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Окружающая среда</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>14C AGE, STABLE ISOTOPE COMPOSITION AND POLLEN ANALYSIS OF MASSIVE ICE, BOVANENKOVO GAS FIELD, CENTRAL YAMAL PENINSULA</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasil’Chuk</surname><given-names>Yurij K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">vasilch@geol.msu.ru; vasilch_geo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasil’Chuk</surname><given-names>Alla C.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">alla-vasilch@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Budantseva</surname><given-names>Nadine A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">nadin.budanceva@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Chizhova</surname><given-names>Julia N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">eacentr@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Papesch</surname><given-names>Wolfgang</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">wolfgang.papesch@arcs.ac.at</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Podborny</surname><given-names>Yevgenij Ye.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><email xlink:type="simple">podborniy@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-1"><institution>Department of Landscape Geochemistry and Soil Geography, Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-2"><institution>Laboratory of Geoecology of the North, Lomonosov Moscow State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-3"><institution>ARC Seibersdorf research GmbH, Abt. Umweltforschung, Seibersdorf, Austria</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en" id="aff-4"><institution>Center for Hydro-Ecological Research, St. Petersburg</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2014</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>06</month><year>2014</year></pub-date><volume>7</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>70</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Vasil’Chuk Y.K., Vasil’Chuk A.C., Budantseva N.A., Chizhova J.N., Papesch W., Podborny Y.Y., 2014</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2014</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Vasil’Chuk Y.K., Vasil’Chuk A.C., Budantseva N.A., Chizhova J.N., Papesch W., Podborny Y.Y.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasil’Chuk Y.K., Vasil’Chuk A.C., Budantseva N.A., Chizhova J.N., Papesch W., Podborny Y.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/21">https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/21</self-uri><abstract><p>The origin of the massive ice is important for understanding the Quaternary history of the Yamal region and to predict the occurrence of massive ice, which is important for gas exploration and the development of infrastructure. Massive ice bodies occur in the Bovanenkovo gas field area within sediments such as layers, laccoliths, rods and lenses. Maximal thickness of the tabular ice is 28,5 m; mean thickness is about 8 m. Deposits of the third terrace underlying and overlapping the tabular ice had been formed from 25 ka BP to 20 ka BP, according to 14C dates. Oxygen-isotope values (δ18О) of massive ices are ranged from 12, 49‰ up to -22, 95‰. Deuterium (δD) values vary from -91, 7‰ up to -177, 1‰. Deuterium excess (dexc) changes from 3, 4 to 10, 6‰. Both homogenous and contrast distribution δ18О and (δD) vs. depths in massive ice bodies evidences the segregated and/or infiltrated-segregated manner of ice formation. Pollen, spores and algae spectra from ice are similar to pollen characteristics of modern lacustrine and coastal floodplain sediments in the area. The ingression of cold seawaters on a coastal flood plain caused freezing and ice segregation, with the formation of extensive ice layers under the large but shallow lakes. As a result, syngenetic and genetically heterogeneous ice, such as: segregated, infiltrated-segregated, lake bottom congelation ice etc. was formed.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>massive ice</kwd><kwd>stable isotope composition</kwd><kwd>pollen</kwd><kwd>14C age</kwd><kwd>Yamal Peninsula</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Andreev A.A., Nikolaev V.I., Bolshijanov D.J., Petrov V.N. (1997). Results of pollen study of ice core of Vavilov cap, Severnaya Zemlya // Data of glaciologic studies (Materialys of glaciologicheskikh issledovani), vol. 83. pp. 112-120 (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Andreev A.A., Nikolaev V.I., Bolshijanov D.J., Petrov V.N. (1997). Results of pollen study of ice core of Vavilov cap, Severnaya Zemlya // Data of glaciologic studies (Materialys of glaciologicheskikh issledovani), vol. 83. pp. 112-120 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baulin V.V., Vasil’chuk Yu.K., Dubikov G.I., Kritsuk L.N., Trofimov V.T. (1989). Massive ground ice / Ershov E.D. (ed.) Geocryology the USSR. Western Siberia. Moscow: Nedra. pp. 103-110 (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baulin V.V., Vasil’chuk Yu.K., Dubikov G.I., Kritsuk L.N., Trofimov V.T. (1989). Massive ground ice / Ershov E.D. (ed.) Geocryology the USSR. Western Siberia. Moscow: Nedra. pp. 103-110 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baulin V.V. (ed). (1996). Permafrost and development of Bovanenkovo Gasfield. Tyumen: Publ. Institute of development of the North, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 240 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baulin V.V. (ed). (1996). Permafrost and development of Bovanenkovo Gasfield. Tyumen: Publ. Institute of development of the North, Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences. 240 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bourgeois J.C. (2000). Seasonal and interannual pollen variability in snow layers of arctic ice caps // Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, vol. 108, iss. 1-2, pp. 17-36.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bourgeois J.C. (2000). Seasonal and interannual pollen variability in snow layers of arctic ice caps // Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology, vol. 108, iss. 1-2, pp. 17-36.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cardyn R., Clark I.D., Lacelle D., Lauriol B., Zdanowicz C., Calmels F. (2007). Molar Gas ratios of air entrapped in ice: A new tool to determine the origin of relict massive ground ice bodies in permafrost // Quaternary Research, vol. 68, iss. 2, pp. 239-248.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cardyn R., Clark I.D., Lacelle D., Lauriol B., Zdanowicz C., Calmels F. (2007). Molar Gas ratios of air entrapped in ice: A new tool to determine the origin of relict massive ground ice bodies in permafrost // Quaternary Research, vol. 68, iss. 2, pp. 239-248.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chuvilin E.M. (ed.). (2007). Structure and properties of permafrost of southern part of Bovanenkovo Gasfield. Moscow. GEOS Publ. House. 137 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chuvilin E.M. (ed.). (2007). Structure and properties of permafrost of southern part of Bovanenkovo Gasfield. Moscow. GEOS Publ. House. 137 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dallimore S.R., Wolfe S.A. (1988). Massive ground ice associated with glaciofluvial sediments, Richards Island. N.W.T. Canada // Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Permafrost. Trondheim. Norway. Tapir Publishers. pp. 132-138.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dallimore S.R., Wolfe S.A. (1988). Massive ground ice associated with glaciofluvial sediments, Richards Island. N.W.T. Canada // Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Permafrost. Trondheim. Norway. Tapir Publishers. pp. 132-138.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Danilov I.D., Yershov E.D. (1989). Former glaciation and permafrost in Asia // Polar Geography, vol. 13, iss. 2, pp. 92-103.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Danilov I.D., Yershov E.D. (1989). Former glaciation and permafrost in Asia // Polar Geography, vol. 13, iss. 2, pp. 92-103.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dubikov G.I. (2002). Composition and cryogenic structure of the permafrost strata of Western Siberia. Moscow, Geos Publ. House. 246 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dubikov G.I. (2002). Composition and cryogenic structure of the permafrost strata of Western Siberia. Moscow, Geos Publ. House. 246 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fotiev S.M. (2012). Chemical composition and genesis of water that formed the repeatedly injected massive ice beds on the area of the Bovanenkovo deposit // Earth’s Cryosphere, vol. 16, N 3, pp. 3-28 (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fotiev S.M. (2012). Chemical composition and genesis of water that formed the repeatedly injected massive ice beds on the area of the Bovanenkovo deposit // Earth’s Cryosphere, vol. 16, N 3, pp. 3-28 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Forman S.L., Ingolfsson Ó.O., Gataullin V., Manley W., Lokrantz H. (2002). Late Quaternary stratigraphy, glacial limits and paleoenvironments of the Maresale area, western Yamal Peninsula, Russia // Quaternary Research, vol. 57, pp. 355-370.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Forman S.L., Ingolfsson Ó.O., Gataullin V., Manley W., Lokrantz H. (2002). Late Quaternary stratigraphy, glacial limits and paleoenvironments of the Maresale area, western Yamal Peninsula, Russia // Quaternary Research, vol. 57, pp. 355-370.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fujino K., Horiguchi K., Shinbori M., Kato K. (1983). Analysis and characteristics of cores from a massive ice body in Mackenzie delta, N.W.T., Canada // Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Permafrost. Washington: National Academy Press D.C. pp. 316-321.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fujino K., Horiguchi K., Shinbori M., Kato K. (1983). Analysis and characteristics of cores from a massive ice body in Mackenzie delta, N.W.T., Canada // Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Permafrost. Washington: National Academy Press D.C. pp. 316-321.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Fujino K., Sato S., Matsuda K., Sasa G., Shimizu O., Kato K. (1988). Characteristics of the massive ground ice body in the western Canadian Arctic // Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Permafrost. Trondheim. Norway. Tapir Publishers. pp. 143-146.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Fujino K., Sato S., Matsuda K., Sasa G., Shimizu O., Kato K. (1988). Characteristics of the massive ground ice body in the western Canadian Arctic // Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Permafrost. Trondheim. Norway. Tapir Publishers. pp. 143-146.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gowan R.J., Dallimore S.R. (1990). Ground ice associated with granular deposits in the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands area, N.W.T. // Proceedings of the Fifth Canadian Permafrost Conference. Collection Nordicana, N 54, pp. 283-290.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gowan R.J., Dallimore S.R. (1990). Ground ice associated with granular deposits in the Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands area, N.W.T. // Proceedings of the Fifth Canadian Permafrost Conference. Collection Nordicana, N 54, pp. 283-290.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaplyanskaya F.A., Tarnogradsky V.D. (1986). Remnants of the Pleistocene ice sheets in the permafrost zone as an object for paleoglaciological research // Polar Geography and Geology, vol. 10, pp. 65-72.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaplyanskaya F.A., Tarnogradsky V.D. (1986). Remnants of the Pleistocene ice sheets in the permafrost zone as an object for paleoglaciological research // Polar Geography and Geology, vol. 10, pp. 65-72.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Khimenkov A.N., Brushkov A.V. (2006). Introduction to the structural geocryology. Moscow. Nauka Publ. House. 279 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Khimenkov A.N., Brushkov A.V. (2006). Introduction to the structural geocryology. Moscow. Nauka Publ. House. 279 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Knight P.G., Patterson C.J., Waller R.I., Jones A.P., Robinson Z.P. (2000). Preservation of basal-ice sediment texture in ice-sheet moraines // Quaternary Science Reviews, vol. 19, iss. 13, pp. 1255-1258.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Knight P.G., Patterson C.J., Waller R.I., Jones A.P., Robinson Z.P. (2000). Preservation of basal-ice sediment texture in ice-sheet moraines // Quaternary Science Reviews, vol. 19, iss. 13, pp. 1255-1258.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kondakov V.V., Yazynin O.M., Grachev J.M. (2001). Massive ices of Yamal Peninsula // Proceedings of the Second Russian conference of geocryology. Vol. 1, part 2. Sedimentological geocryology. Engineering geocryology. Moscow State University. pp. 214-218 (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kondakov V.V., Yazynin O.M., Grachev J.M. (2001). Massive ices of Yamal Peninsula // Proceedings of the Second Russian conference of geocryology. Vol. 1, part 2. Sedimentological geocryology. Engineering geocryology. Moscow State University. pp. 214-218 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lacelle D., Lauriol B., Clark I.D., Cardyn R., Zdanowicz C.H. (2007). Nature and origin of a Pleistocene-age massive ground-ice body exposed in the Chapman Lake moraine complex, central Yukon Territory // Quaternary Research, vol. 68, pp. 249-260.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lacelle D., Lauriol B., Clark I.D., Cardyn R., Zdanowicz C.H. (2007). Nature and origin of a Pleistocene-age massive ground-ice body exposed in the Chapman Lake moraine complex, central Yukon Territory // Quaternary Research, vol. 68, pp. 249-260.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lein A.Yu., Savvichev A.S., Miller Yu M., Pimenov N.V., Leibman M.O. (2003). Isotopic-biogeochemical peculiarities of tabular ground ice of Yugorsky and Yamal Peninsulas // Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Permafrost, vol. 2, pp. 661-666.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lein A.Yu., Savvichev A.S., Miller Yu M., Pimenov N.V., Leibman M.O. (2003). Isotopic-biogeochemical peculiarities of tabular ground ice of Yugorsky and Yamal Peninsulas // Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Permafrost, vol. 2, pp. 661-666.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mackay J.R. (1971). The origin of massive icy beds in permafrost, western arctic coast, Canada // Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 8, pp. 397-421.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mackay J.R. (1971). The origin of massive icy beds in permafrost, western arctic coast, Canada // Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 8, pp. 397-421.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mackay J.R. (1983). Oxygen isotope variations in permafrost. Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula area. N.W.T. // Current Research, Part B, Geological Survey of Canada, paper 83-1B, pp. 67-74.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mackay J.R. (1983). Oxygen isotope variations in permafrost. Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula area. N.W.T. // Current Research, Part B, Geological Survey of Canada, paper 83-1B, pp. 67-74.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mackay J.R. (1989). Massive ground ice: some field criteria for the identification of ice types // Current Research, Part G, Geological Survey of Canada, paper 89-1G, pp. 5-11.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mackay J.R. (1989). Massive ground ice: some field criteria for the identification of ice types // Current Research, Part G, Geological Survey of Canada, paper 89-1G, pp. 5-11.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mackay J.R., Dallimore S.R. (1992). Massive ice of the Tuktoyaktuk area, western Arctic coast, Canada // Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 29, N 6, pp. 1235-1249.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mackay J.R., Dallimore S.R. (1992). Massive ice of the Tuktoyaktuk area, western Arctic coast, Canada // Canadian Journal of Earth Sciences, vol. 29, N 6, pp. 1235-1249.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mangerud J., Gosse J., Matiouchkov A., Dolvik T. (2008). Glaciers in the Polar Urals, Russia, were not much larger during the Last Global Glacial Maximum than today // Quaternary Science Reviews, vol. 27, pp. 1047-1057.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mangerud J., Gosse J., Matiouchkov A., Dolvik T. (2008). Glaciers in the Polar Urals, Russia, were not much larger during the Last Global Glacial Maximum than today // Quaternary Science Reviews, vol. 27, pp. 1047-1057.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Michel F.A. (1998). The relationship of massive ground ice and the Late Pleistocene history of Northwest Siberia // Quaternary International, vol. 45/46, pp. 43-48.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Michel F.A. (1998). The relationship of massive ground ice and the Late Pleistocene history of Northwest Siberia // Quaternary International, vol. 45/46, pp. 43-48.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murton J.B. (2005). Ground-ice stratigraphy and formation at North Head, Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, western Arctic Canada: a product of glacier-permafrost interactions // Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, vol. 16, N 1, pp. 31-50.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murton J.B. (2005). Ground-ice stratigraphy and formation at North Head, Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, western Arctic Canada: a product of glacier-permafrost interactions // Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, vol. 16, N 1, pp. 31-50.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murton J.B. (2009). Stratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of Richards Island and the eastern Beaufort continental shelf during the Last glacial-interglacial cycle // Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, vol. 20, N 2, pp. 107-125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murton J.B. (2009). Stratigraphy and palaeoenvironments of Richards Island and the eastern Beaufort continental shelf during the Last glacial-interglacial cycle // Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, vol. 20, N 2, pp. 107-125.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Murton J.B., Whiteman C.A., Waller R.I., Pollard W., Clark I.D., Dallimore S.R. (2005). Basal ice facies and supraglacial melt-out till of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, western Arctic Canada // Quaternary Science Reviews, vol. 24, pp. 681-708.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Murton J.B., Whiteman C.A., Waller R.I., Pollard W., Clark I.D., Dallimore S.R. (2005). Basal ice facies and supraglacial melt-out till of the Laurentide Ice Sheet, Tuktoyaktuk Coastlands, western Arctic Canada // Quaternary Science Reviews, vol. 24, pp. 681-708.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Parmuzin S.Yu., Sukhodol’skiy S.E. (1982). Tabular massive ice of the middle part of Yamal Peninsula and its role in relief formation / Popov A.I. (ed.) Tabular massive ice of permafrost region. Yakutsk. Permafrost Institute of Siberian Branch of USSR Academy of Sciences. pp. 51-61 (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Parmuzin S.Yu., Sukhodol’skiy S.E. (1982). Tabular massive ice of the middle part of Yamal Peninsula and its role in relief formation / Popov A.I. (ed.) Tabular massive ice of permafrost region. Yakutsk. Permafrost Institute of Siberian Branch of USSR Academy of Sciences. pp. 51-61 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pollard W.H., Bell T. (1998). Massive ice formation in the Eureka sound lowlands: a landscape model // Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Permafrost. Yellowknife. Canada, N 57, pp. 903-908.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pollard W.H., Bell T. (1998). Massive ice formation in the Eureka sound lowlands: a landscape model // Proceedings of the Seventh International Conference on Permafrost. Yellowknife. Canada, N 57, pp. 903-908.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pollard W.H., Dallimore S.R. (1988). Petrographic characteristics of massive ground ice, Yukon Coastal Plain. Canada // Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Permafrost. Trondheim. Norway. Tapir Publishers. pp. 224-228.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pollard W.H., Dallimore S.R. (1988). Petrographic characteristics of massive ground ice, Yukon Coastal Plain. Canada // Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Permafrost. Trondheim. Norway. Tapir Publishers. pp. 224-228.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Raab A., Melles M., Berger G.W., Hagedorn B., Hubberten H.-W. (2003). Nonglacial paleoenvironments and the extent of Weichselian ice sheets on Severnaya Zemlya, Russian High Arctic // Quaternary Science Reviews, vol. 22, pp. 2267-2283.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Raab A., Melles M., Berger G.W., Hagedorn B., Hubberten H.-W. (2003). Nonglacial paleoenvironments and the extent of Weichselian ice sheets on Severnaya Zemlya, Russian High Arctic // Quaternary Science Reviews, vol. 22, pp. 2267-2283.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rampton V.N. (1988). Origin of massive ground ice on Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, Northwest Territories, Canada // Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Permafrost. Trondheim. Norway. Tapir Publishers. pp. 850-855.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rampton V.N. (1988). Origin of massive ground ice on Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula, Northwest Territories, Canada // Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Permafrost. Trondheim. Norway. Tapir Publishers. pp. 850-855.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rampton V.N., Mackay J.R. (1971). Massive ice and icy sediments throughout the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula. Richards Island and nearby areas, District of Mackenzie // Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 71-21. 16 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rampton V.N., Mackay J.R. (1971). Massive ice and icy sediments throughout the Tuktoyaktuk Peninsula. Richards Island and nearby areas, District of Mackenzie // Geological Survey of Canada, Paper 71-21. 16 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Saks V.N. (1953). Quaternary Ice Age in Soviet Arctic Moscow-Leningrad, Trudy NIIGA 77. 1-627 (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Saks V.N. (1953). Quaternary Ice Age in Soviet Arctic Moscow-Leningrad, Trudy NIIGA 77. 1-627 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sannikov G.S. (2012). Cartometric research of thermokarst lakes within the Bovanenkovo gas field territory, Yamal peninsula // Earth’s Cryosphere, vol. 16, N 2, pp. 30-37 (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sannikov G.S. (2012). Cartometric research of thermokarst lakes within the Bovanenkovo gas field territory, Yamal peninsula // Earth’s Cryosphere, vol. 16, N 2, pp. 30-37 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shpolyanskaya N.A. (1989). The Possibility of Freezing of Bottom Deposits in the Arctic Sea // Moscow University Bulletin, ser. 5, Geography, N 5, pp. 72-78 (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shpolyanskaya N.A. (1989). The Possibility of Freezing of Bottom Deposits in the Arctic Sea // Moscow University Bulletin, ser. 5, Geography, N 5, pp. 72-78 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shpolyankaya N.A. (1999). Cryogenic Structure of Dislocated Deposits with Massive Ice Beds as Indicator of Their Genesis // Earth’s Cryosphere, vol. 3, N 4, pp. 61-70 (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shpolyankaya N.A. (1999). Cryogenic Structure of Dislocated Deposits with Massive Ice Beds as Indicator of Their Genesis // Earth’s Cryosphere, vol. 3, N 4, pp. 61-70 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shpolyanskaya N.A. (2003). Massive ground ice as a basis for paleogeographic reconstruction // Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Permafrost, vol. 2, pp. 1045-1050.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shpolyanskaya N.A. (2003). Massive ground ice as a basis for paleogeographic reconstruction // Proceedings of the Eighth International Conference on Permafrost, vol. 2, pp. 1045-1050.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shpolyanskaya N.A., Streletskaya I.D., Surkov A.V. (2006). Cryolithogenesis in Arctic shelf (recent and relict) // Earth’s Cryosphere, vol. 10, N 3, pp. 49-60 (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shpolyanskaya N.A., Streletskaya I.D., Surkov A.V. (2006). Cryolithogenesis in Arctic shelf (recent and relict) // Earth’s Cryosphere, vol. 10, N 3, pp. 49-60 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Solomatin V.I., Konyahin M.A., Nikolaev V.I., Mikhalev D.V. (1993). Deposition and structure of massive ice bodies in Yamal Peninsula // Data of glaciological studies (Materialy glaciologicheskikh issledovaniy), vol. 77, pp. 139-149 (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solomatin V.I., Konyahin M.A., Nikolaev V.I., Mikhalev D.V. (1993). Deposition and structure of massive ice bodies in Yamal Peninsula // Data of glaciological studies (Materialy glaciologicheskikh issledovaniy), vol. 77, pp. 139-149 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Solomatin V.I. (2013). Physics and geography of underground glaciaton. Novosibirsk. Academic Publishing House “Geo”. 246 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Solomatin V.I. (2013). Physics and geography of underground glaciaton. Novosibirsk. Academic Publishing House “Geo”. 246 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Streletskaya I.D., Vasiliev A.A., Obogov G.E., Matykhin A.G. (2013). Isotope composition of ground ice of the Western Yamal Peninsula (Marre Sale) // Ice and Snow. N 2 (122). pp. 83-92. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Streletskaya I.D., Vasiliev A.A., Obogov G.E., Matykhin A.G. (2013). Isotope composition of ground ice of the Western Yamal Peninsula (Marre Sale) // Ice and Snow. N 2 (122). pp. 83-92. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Svendsen J.I., Alexanderson H., Astakhov V.I., Demidov I., Dowdeswell J.A., Funder S., Gataullin V., Henriksen M., Hjort C., Houmark-Nielsen M., Hubberten H.W., IngÓlfsson Jakobsson M., KjØr, K.H., Larsen E., Lunkka J.P., LysÅ A., Mangerud J., Matioushkov A., Murray A., Möller P., Niessen F., Nikolskaya O., Polyak L., Saarnisto M., Siegert C., Siegert M.J., Spielhagen R.F., Stein R. (2004). Late Quaternary ice sheet history of northern Eurasia // Quaternary Science Reviews, vol. 23, N 11-13, pp. 1229-1271.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Svendsen J.I., Alexanderson H., Astakhov V.I., Demidov I., Dowdeswell J.A., Funder S., Gataullin V., Henriksen M., Hjort C., Houmark-Nielsen M., Hubberten H.W., IngÓlfsson Jakobsson M., KjØr, K.H., Larsen E., Lunkka J.P., LysÅ A., Mangerud J., Matioushkov A., Murray A., Möller P., Niessen F., Nikolskaya O., Polyak L., Saarnisto M., Siegert C., Siegert M.J., Spielhagen R.F., Stein R. (2004). Late Quaternary ice sheet history of northern Eurasia // Quaternary Science Reviews, vol. 23, N 11-13, pp. 1229-1271.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tarasov A.M. (1990). An example of application of ground ice oxygen isotope analysis to geocryologic engineering surveys // Methods of geocryology engineering surveys. Moscow. pp. 118-133 (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tarasov A.M. (1990). An example of application of ground ice oxygen isotope analysis to geocryologic engineering surveys // Methods of geocryology engineering surveys. Moscow. pp. 118-133 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk A.C. (2005). Pollen spectra formation features in permafrost areas of Russia. Moscow. Moscow State University Press. 245 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk A.C. (2005). Pollen spectra formation features in permafrost areas of Russia. Moscow. Moscow State University Press. 245 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk A.C. (2007). Palynology and chronology of polygonal ice wedge complexes in Russian permafrost area Moscow. Moscow State University Press. 488 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk A.C. (2007). Palynology and chronology of polygonal ice wedge complexes in Russian permafrost area Moscow. Moscow State University Press. 488 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk A.C., Vasil’chuk Yu.K. (2010a). Local pollen spectra as a new criterion for nonglacial origin of massive ice // Transactions (Doclady) of Russian Academy of Scienses, Earth Sciences, vol. 433, part 1, pp. 985-990.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk A.C., Vasil’chuk Yu.K. (2010a). Local pollen spectra as a new criterion for nonglacial origin of massive ice // Transactions (Doclady) of Russian Academy of Scienses, Earth Sciences, vol. 433, part 1, pp. 985-990.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk A.C., Vasil’chuk Yu.K. (2010b). Palynological indication of nonglacier origin of massive ice // Engineering Geology, N 3, pp. 24-38 (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk A.C., Vasil’chuk Yu.K. (2010b). Palynological indication of nonglacier origin of massive ice // Engineering Geology, N 3, pp. 24-38 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk A.C., Vasil’chuk Yu.K. (2010c). Comparison of pollen spectra of massive and glacial ices for cryogenetic indication // Earth’s Cryosphere, vol. 14, N 3, pp. 15-28 (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk A.C., Vasil’chuk Yu.K. (2010c). Comparison of pollen spectra of massive and glacial ices for cryogenetic indication // Earth’s Cryosphere, vol. 14, N 3, pp. 15-28 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk Yu.K. (1992). Oxygen Isotope composition of ground Ice (Application to paleogeocryological reconstruction). Department of theoretical problems the Russian Academy of Sciences. Moscow State University, PNIIIS. In 2 volumes. Vol. 1. - 420 p. Vol. 2 - 264 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk Yu.K. (1992). Oxygen Isotope composition of ground Ice (Application to paleogeocryological reconstruction). Department of theoretical problems the Russian Academy of Sciences. Moscow State University, PNIIIS. In 2 volumes. Vol. 1. - 420 p. Vol. 2 - 264 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk Yu.K. (2006a). Ice wedge ice: Heterocyclity, Heterogeneity, Heterochroneity. Moscow: Moscow State University Press. 404 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk Yu.K. (2006a). Ice wedge ice: Heterocyclity, Heterogeneity, Heterochroneity. Moscow: Moscow State University Press. 404 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk Yu.K. (2006b). Tabular massive ice / Cryosphere of oil and gas condensate fields of Yamal Peninsula. Vol. 1. Kharasavey Gas condensate field. Tumen-St.Petersburg. Nedra. pp. 160-193 (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk Yu.K. (2006b). Tabular massive ice / Cryosphere of oil and gas condensate fields of Yamal Peninsula. Vol. 1. Kharasavey Gas condensate field. Tumen-St.Petersburg. Nedra. pp. 160-193 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk Yu.K. (2010). Massive ice of Bovanenkovo gas-condensate field (The Central Yamal Peninsula) // Engineering Geology, N 3, pp. 50-67 (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk Yu.K. (2010). Massive ice of Bovanenkovo gas-condensate field (The Central Yamal Peninsula) // Engineering Geology, N 3, pp. 50-67 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk Yu.K. (2011a). Homogeneous and Heterogeneous massive ice in Permafrost // Earth’s Cryosphere, vol. 15, N 1, pp. 3-20 (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk Yu.K. (2011a). Homogeneous and Heterogeneous massive ice in Permafrost // Earth’s Cryosphere, vol. 15, N 1, pp. 3-20 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk Yu.K. (2011b). Experimental study of isotopic fractionation during congelation ice formation // Earth’s Cryosphere, vol. 15, N 2, pp. 55-60 (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk Yu.K. (2011b). Experimental study of isotopic fractionation during congelation ice formation // Earth’s Cryosphere, vol. 15, N 2, pp. 55-60 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil´chuk Yu.K. (2012). Isotope Ratios in the Environment. Part 2. Stable isotope geochemistry of massive ice. 2 Vols. Moscow: Moscow University Press, Vol. I. 472 pp. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil´chuk Yu.K. (2012). Isotope Ratios in the Environment. Part 2. Stable isotope geochemistry of massive ice. 2 Vols. Moscow: Moscow University Press, Vol. I. 472 pp. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil´chuk Yu.K. (2014). Isotope Ratios in the Environment. Part 2. Stable isotope geochemistry of massive ice. 2 Vols. Moscow: Moscow University Press, Vol. II. 244 pp. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil´chuk Yu.K. (2014). Isotope Ratios in the Environment. Part 2. Stable isotope geochemistry of massive ice. 2 Vols. Moscow: Moscow University Press, Vol. II. 244 pp. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk Yu.K., Trofimov V.T. (1988). Oxygen isotope variations in ice-wedge and massive ice // Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Permafrost. Trondheim. Norway. Tapir Publishers. pp. 489-492.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk Yu.K., Trofimov V.T. (1988). Oxygen isotope variations in ice-wedge and massive ice // Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference on Permafrost. Trondheim. Norway. Tapir Publishers. pp. 489-492.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk Yu.K., van der Plicht J., Jungner H., Sonninen E., Vasil’chuk A.C. (2000). First direct dating of Late Pleistocene ice-wedges by AMS // Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol. 179, N 2, pp. 237-242.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk Yu.K., van der Plicht J., Jungner H., Sonninen E., Vasil’chuk A.C. (2000). First direct dating of Late Pleistocene ice-wedges by AMS // Earth and Planetary Science Letters, vol. 179, N 2, pp. 237-242.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk Yu.K., Vasil’chuk A.C. (2010). Validity of the youngest radiocarbon dates in syncryogenic permafrost // Earth’s Cryosphere, vol. 14, N 4, pp. 3-16 (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk Yu.K., Vasil’chuk A.C. (2010). Validity of the youngest radiocarbon dates in syncryogenic permafrost // Earth’s Cryosphere, vol. 14, N 4, pp. 3-16 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Va sil’chuk Yu.K., Vasil’chuk A.C., Budantseva N.A., Chizhova Ju.N., Papesch W., Podborny Ye.Ye., Sulerzhitsky L.D. (2009). Oxygen isotope and deuterium Indication of the origin and 14C age of the massive ice, Bovanenkovo, Central Yamal Peninsula // Transactions (Doclady) of Russian Academy of Scienses, Earth Sciences, vol. 429, N. 8, pp. 1326-1332.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Va sil’chuk Yu.K., Vasil’chuk A.C., Budantseva N.A., Chizhova Ju.N., Papesch W., Podborny Ye.Ye., Sulerzhitsky L.D. (2009). Oxygen isotope and deuterium Indication of the origin and 14C age of the massive ice, Bovanenkovo, Central Yamal Peninsula // Transactions (Doclady) of Russian Academy of Scienses, Earth Sciences, vol. 429, N. 8, pp. 1326-1332.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Velikotsky M.A. (1987). Dislocation and massive ice in the Quatermary deposits of the Yamal Peninsula / Cryogenic Processes. Moscow: Moscow State University Press. pp. 48-60 (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Velikotsky M.A. (1987). Dislocation and massive ice in the Quatermary deposits of the Yamal Peninsula / Cryogenic Processes. Moscow: Moscow State University Press. pp. 48-60 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Waller R.I., Murton J.B., Knight P.G. (2009). Basal glacier ice and massive ground ice: different scientists, same science? // Periglacial and paraglacial processes and environments. J. Knight, S. Harrison (eds.). Geological Society, London, Special Publications, vol. 320, pp. 57-69.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Waller R.I., Murton J.B., Knight P.G. (2009). Basal glacier ice and massive ground ice: different scientists, same science? // Periglacial and paraglacial processes and environments. J. Knight, S. Harrison (eds.). Geological Society, London, Special Publications, vol. 320, pp. 57-69.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zhestkova T.N., Shur Yu.L. (1978). On genesis of tabular massive ice // The Bulletin of the Moscow State University. Geology Series, N. 3, pp. 35-42 (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zhestkova T.N., Shur Yu.L. (1978). On genesis of tabular massive ice // The Bulletin of the Moscow State University. Geology Series, N. 3, pp. 35-42 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
