gesjGEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITYGEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY2071-93882542-1565Russian Geographical Society10.24057/2071-9388-2012-5-1-84-111gesj-191Research ArticleENVIRONMENTОкружающая средаRISK ASSESSMENT OF ENCOUNTERING KILLER WAVES IN THE BLACK SEAIvanovVitaliyDotsenkoSergey
Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Sevastopol, Ukraine
ShokurovMikhail
Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Sevastopol, Ukraine
MalinovskyVladimir
Marine Hydrophysical Institute, Sevastopol, Ukraine
DulovVladimirdulov1952@gmail.comKuznetsovSergeySaprykinaYanaPolnikovVladislav2012010320125184111Copyright © Ivanov V., Dotsenko S., Shokurov M., Malinovsky V., Dulov V., Kuznetsov S., Saprykina Y., Polnikov V., 20122012Ivanov V., Dotsenko S., Shokurov M., Malinovsky V., Dulov V., Kuznetsov S., Saprykina Y., Polnikov V.Ivanov V., Dotsenko S., Shokurov M., Malinovsky V., Dulov V., Kuznetsov S., Saprykina Y., Polnikov V.Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/191storm seaskiller wavesfreak wavesrogue wavesBenjamin-Feir instabilityfield study in the Black Seanumerical recovery of wind and wave fieldsrisk assessment for extreme maritime eventsReferencesAnnenkov S.Y., Shrira V. I. (2009) ‘‘Fast’’ Nonlinear Evolution in Wave Turbulence // PhysicalAnnenkov S.Y., Shrira V. I. (2009) ‘‘Fast’’ Nonlinear Evolution in Wave Turbulence // PhysicalReview Letters Vol. 102. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.024502, pp. 024502-1–024502-4.Review Letters Vol. 102. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.102.024502, pp. 024502-1–024502-4.Badulin S.I., Korotkevich A.O., Resio D., Zakharov V.E. (2009) Wave-wave interactions inBadulin S.I., Korotkevich A.O., Resio D., Zakharov V.E. (2009) Wave-wave interactions inwind-driven mixed seas // Proceedings of the Rogue Waves 2008 Workshop (Octoberwind-driven mixed seas // Proceedings of the Rogue Waves 2008 Workshop (October–15, 2008, Brest, France), pp. 77–86.–15, 2008, Brest, France), pp. 77–86.Chalikov D. (2007) Numerical simulation of the Benjamin-Feir instability and its consequencesChalikov D. (2007) Numerical simulation of the Benjamin-Feir instability and its consequences// Physics of Fluids 19, 016602, 15 p.// Physics of Fluids 19, 016602, 15 p.Divinskiy B.V., Kosyan R.D., Podymov I.S., Pushkarev O.V. (2003) Extreme wave in a northeastDivinskiy B.V., Kosyan R.D., Podymov I.S., Pushkarev O.V. (2003) Extreme wave in a northeastpart of Black sea in February 2003 // Oceanology, Vol. 43, No 6, pp. 1–3 (in Russian).part of Black sea in February 2003 // Oceanology, Vol. 43, No 6, pp. 1–3 (in Russian).Donelan M.A., Magnusson A.K. (2005) The role of meteorological focusing in generatingDonelan M.A., Magnusson A.K. (2005) The role of meteorological focusing in generatingrogue wave conditions / In: Proc. 14th Aha Huliko‘a Winter Workshop, Honolulu, Hawaii. pp.rogue wave conditions / In: Proc. 14th Aha Huliko‘a Winter Workshop, Honolulu, Hawaii. pp.–145.–145.Dotsenko S.F., Ivanov V.A. (2006) Freak waves / Series “Modern problems of Oceanology»,Dotsenko S.F., Ivanov V.A. (2006) Freak waves / Series “Modern problems of Oceanology»,issue 1. MHI NAS of Ukraine, Sevastopol, 44 p. (in Russian).issue 1. MHI NAS of Ukraine, Sevastopol, 44 p. (in Russian).Dotsenko S.F., Ivanov V.A., Poberezhny Yu.A. (2009) Freak waves in north-western part ofDotsenko S.F., Ivanov V.A., Poberezhny Yu.A. (2009) Freak waves in north-western part ofthe Black Sea // Dopovidi NAS of Ukraine, No 9, pp. 113–117 (in Russian).the Black Sea // Dopovidi NAS of Ukraine, No 9, pp. 113–117 (in Russian).Dotsenko S.F., Ivanov V.A., Poberezhny Yu.A. (2010) Link of freak waves formation and meteorologicalDotsenko S.F., Ivanov V.A., Poberezhny Yu.A. (2010) Link of freak waves formation and meteorologicalconditions in north-western part of the Black Sea // Dopovidi NAS of Ukraineconditions in north-western part of the Black Sea // Dopovidi NAS of UkraineNo 12, pp. 105–109 (in Russian).No 12, pp. 105–109 (in Russian).Dudhia J. (1993) A nonhydrostatic version of the Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model:Dudhia J. (1993) A nonhydrostatic version of the Penn State/NCAR mesoscale model:Validation tests and simulation of an Atlantic cyclone and cold front // Mon. Wea. Rev. Vol.Validation tests and simulation of an Atlantic cyclone and cold front // Mon. Wea. Rev. Vol., pp. 1493–1513., pp. 1493–1513.Gramstad O., Trulsen K. (2010) Can swell increase the number of freak waves in a wind sea? //Gramstad O., Trulsen K. (2010) Can swell increase the number of freak waves in a wind sea? //J. Fluid Mech. Vol. 650, pp 57–79.J. Fluid Mech. Vol. 650, pp 57–79.Guedes Soares C., Cherneva Z., Antao E. M. (2004) Abnormal waves during Hurricane Camille //Guedes Soares C., Cherneva Z., Antao E. M. (2004) Abnormal waves during Hurricane Camille //Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 109, C08008. doi:10.1029/2003JC002244, 7 p.Journal of Geophysical Research. Vol. 109, C08008. doi:10.1029/2003JC002244, 7 p.Hanson J.I., Phillips O.M. (1999) Wind Sea Growth and Dissipation in the Open Ocean //Hanson J.I., Phillips O.M. (1999) Wind Sea Growth and Dissipation in the Open Ocean //Journal of Physical Oceanography. Vol. 29. pp. 1633–1647.Journal of Physical Oceanography. Vol. 29. pp. 1633–1647.Janssen P.A.E.M. (2003), Nonlinear four-wave interactions and freak waves // J. Phys.Janssen P.A.E.M. (2003), Nonlinear four-wave interactions and freak waves // J. Phys.Oceanogr. Vol. 33, pp. 863–884.Oceanogr. Vol. 33, pp. 863–884.Kartashova E., Shugan I.V. (2011) Dynamical cascade generation as a basic mechanism ofKartashova E., Shugan I.V. (2011) Dynamical cascade generation as a basic mechanism ofBenjamin-Feir instability // EPL (Europhysics Letters) Vol. 95, No 3, 30003, doi:10.1209/0295-Benjamin-Feir instability // EPL (Europhysics Letters) Vol. 95, No 3, 30003, doi:10.1209/0295-/95/30003, 6 p./95/30003, 6 p.Kharif C., Pelinovsky E., Slunyaev A. (2009) Rogue waves in the ocean. Springer-Verlag,Kharif C., Pelinovsky E., Slunyaev A. (2009) Rogue waves in the ocean. Springer-Verlag,Berlin, Heidelberg, 216 p.Berlin, Heidelberg, 216 p.Komen G., Cavaleri L., Donelan M., Hasselmann K., Hasselmann S., Janssen P.A.E.M. (1994)Komen G., Cavaleri L., Donelan M., Hasselmann K., Hasselmann S., Janssen P.A.E.M. (1994)Dynamics and Modelling of Ocean Waves. Cambridge University Press, 532 p.Dynamics and Modelling of Ocean Waves. Cambridge University Press, 532 p.Kurkin A.A., Pelinovsky E.N. (2004) Freak waves: facts, theory and modelling. NNSTU, NizhnyKurkin A.A., Pelinovsky E.N. (2004) Freak waves: facts, theory and modelling. NNSTU, NizhnyNovgorod, 158 p. (In Russian).Novgorod, 158 p. (In Russian).Kuznetsov S.Yu., Ya.V. Saprykina, R.D. Kos’yan, O.V. Pushkarev (2006) Formation MechanismKuznetsov S.Yu., Ya.V. Saprykina, R.D. Kos’yan, O.V. Pushkarev (2006) Formation Mechanismof Extreme Storm Waves in the Black Sea // Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 408, No 4,of Extreme Storm Waves in the Black Sea // Doklady Earth Sciences, Vol. 408, No 4,pp. 570–574.pp. 570–574.Kuznetsov S., Saprykina Y. (2009) Fine structure and peculiarities of wave spectra withKuznetsov S., Saprykina Y. (2009) Fine structure and peculiarities of wave spectra withBenjamin – Feir instability // Proceedings of the Rogue Waves 2008 Workshop, OctoberBenjamin – Feir instability // Proceedings of the Rogue Waves 2008 Workshop, October–15, 2008, Brest, France. pp. 99–108.–15, 2008, Brest, France. pp. 99–108.Kuznetsov S.Yu., Dulov V.A., Saprykina Ya.V., Dotsenko S.F., Malinovsky V.V., PolnikovKuznetsov S.Yu., Dulov V.A., Saprykina Ya.V., Dotsenko S.F., Malinovsky V.V., PolnikovV.G., Shokurov M.V. (2011) Extremely dangerous storm conditions in the Black Sea /V.G., Shokurov M.V. (2011) Extremely dangerous storm conditions in the Black Sea /Series “Modern problems of Oceanology”, issue 9. MHI NAS of Ukraine, Sevastopol. 66 p.Series “Modern problems of Oceanology”, issue 9. MHI NAS of Ukraine, Sevastopol. 66 p.(in Russian).(in Russian).Liu P.C., Pinho U.F. (2004) Freak waves – more frequent than rare! // Annales GeophysicaeLiu P.C., Pinho U.F. (2004) Freak waves – more frequent than rare! // Annales GeophysicaeVol. 22. pp. 1839–1842.Vol. 22. pp. 1839–1842.Mori N., Janssen, P. A. E. M. (2006) On kurtosis and occurrence probability of freak waves //Mori N., Janssen, P. A. E. M. (2006) On kurtosis and occurrence probability of freak waves //J. Phys. Oceanogr. Vol. 36, pp. 1471–1483.J. Phys. Oceanogr. Vol. 36, pp. 1471–1483.Onorato, M., Osborne, A.R., Serio, M., Damiani, T. (2001) Occurrence of freak waves fromOnorato, M., Osborne, A.R., Serio, M., Damiani, T. (2001) Occurrence of freak waves fromenvelope equations in random ocean wave simulations. / Proceedings of the workshopenvelope equations in random ocean wave simulations. / Proceedings of the workshop“Rogue Waves 2000”. IFREMER, Brest. pp. 181–191.“Rogue Waves 2000”. IFREMER, Brest. pp. 181–191.Onorato M., Cavaleri L., Fouques S., Gramstad O., Janssen P.A.E. M., Monbaliu J., OsborneOnorato M., Cavaleri L., Fouques S., Gramstad O., Janssen P.A.E. M., Monbaliu J., OsborneA.R., Pakozdi C., Serio M., Stansberg C.T., Toffoli A., Trulsen K. (2009) Statistical propertiesA.R., Pakozdi C., Serio M., Stansberg C.T., Toffoli A., Trulsen K. (2009) Statistical propertiesof mechanically generated surface gravity waves: a laboratory experiment in a threedimensionalof mechanically generated surface gravity waves: a laboratory experiment in a threedimensionalwave basin // J. Fluid Mech. Vol. 627, pp. 235–257.wave basin // J. Fluid Mech. Vol. 627, pp. 235–257.Osborne A.R., Onorato M., Serio M. (2005) Nonlinear Fourier analysis of deep-water, randomOsborne A.R., Onorato M., Serio M. (2005) Nonlinear Fourier analysis of deep-water, randomsurface waves: theoretical formulation and experimental observations of roguesurface waves: theoretical formulation and experimental observations of roguewaves / In: Proc. 14th Aha Huliko‘a Winter Workshop, Honolulu, Hawaii, pp. 65–77.waves / In: Proc. 14th Aha Huliko‘a Winter Workshop, Honolulu, Hawaii, pp. 65–77.Phillips O.M. (1985) Spectral and statistical properties of the equilibrium range in windgeneratedPhillips O.M. (1985) Spectral and statistical properties of the equilibrium range in windgeneratedgravity waves // Journal of Fluid Mechanics. Vol. 156. pp. 505–531.gravity waves // Journal of Fluid Mechanics. Vol. 156. pp. 505–531.Saprykina Ya.V., Dulov V.A., Kuznetsov S.Yu., Smolov V.E. (2010) Freak waves in the Black Sea:Saprykina Ya.V., Dulov V.A., Kuznetsov S.Yu., Smolov V.E. (2010) Freak waves in the Black Sea:mechanisms and conditions of occurrence // Ecological safety of coastal and shelf zonesmechanisms and conditions of occurrence // Ecological safety of coastal and shelf zonesand comprehensive use of shelf resources. Vol. 21. MHI NAS of Ukraine, Sevastopol pp.and comprehensive use of shelf resources. Vol. 21. MHI NAS of Ukraine, Sevastopol pp.–102 (In Russian).–102 (In Russian).Socquet-Juglard H., Dysthe K., Trulsen H. E., Krogstad J. Liu (2005) Distribution of surfaceSocquet-Juglard H., Dysthe K., Trulsen H. E., Krogstad J. Liu (2005) Distribution of surfacegravity waves during spectral changes // J. Fluid Mech., Vol. 542, pp. 195–216.gravity waves during spectral changes // J. Fluid Mech., Vol. 542, pp. 195–216.Shin S., Hong K. (2009) Nonlinear Parameters of Wave Distribution to Characterize FreakShin S., Hong K. (2009) Nonlinear Parameters of Wave Distribution to Characterize FreakWaves // Proceedings of the Rogue Waves 2008 Workshop (October 13–15, 2008, Brest,Waves // Proceedings of the Rogue Waves 2008 Workshop (October 13–15, 2008, Brest,France) pp. 157–158.France) pp. 157–158.Tamura H., Waseda T., Miyazawa Y. (2009) Freakish sea state and swell-windsea coupling:Tamura H., Waseda T., Miyazawa Y. (2009) Freakish sea state and swell-windsea coupling:Numerical study of the Suwa-Maru incident // Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 36,Numerical study of the Suwa-Maru incident // Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 36,L01607, doi:10.1029/2008GL036280. 5 p.L01607, doi:10.1029/2008GL036280. 5 p.The WAMDI group (1998) The WAM model. – The third generation ocean wave predictionThe WAMDI group (1998) The WAM model. – The third generation ocean wave predictionmodel. // J. Phys. Oceanography., Vol. 18, pp. 1775–1810.model. // J. Phys. Oceanography., Vol. 18, pp. 1775–1810.Yefimov V.V., Komarovskaya O.I., Shokurov M.V. (1998) Numerical model for wind waves inYefimov V.V., Komarovskaya O.I., Shokurov M.V. (1998) Numerical model for wind waves inthe Black Sea. / Preprint MHI NAS of Ukraine, 40 p. (in Russian).the Black Sea. / Preprint MHI NAS of Ukraine, 40 p. (in Russian).Young I.R. (1994) On the measurement of directional wave spectra // Applied OceanYoung I.R. (1994) On the measurement of directional wave spectra // Applied OceanResearch. Vol. 16, pp. 283–294.Research. Vol. 16, pp. 283–294.Young I.R. (2006) Directional spectra of hurricane wind waves // Journal GeophysicsYoung I.R. (2006) Directional spectra of hurricane wind waves // Journal GeophysicsResearch. Vol. 111, C08020, doi:10.1029/2006JC003540, 14 p.Research. Vol. 111, C08020, doi:10.1029/2006JC003540, 14 p.Zakharov V.E., Dyachenko A.I., Prokofiev A.O. (2008) Freak Waves: Peculiarities of NumericalZakharov V.E., Dyachenko A.I., Prokofiev A.O. (2008) Freak Waves: Peculiarities of NumericalSimulations / In “Extreme Ocean Waves”, Eds. E. Pelinovsky, C. Kharif, Springer. pp. 1–30.Simulations / In “Extreme Ocean Waves”, Eds. E. Pelinovsky, C. Kharif, Springer. pp. 1–30.
The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.