<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gesj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-9388</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-1565</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Geographical Society</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24057/2071-9388-2021-020</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gesj-1889</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>Special Issue "Permafrost regions in transition"</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Isotope Signature Of The Massive Ice Bodies On The Northeast Coast Of Chukotka Peninsula</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasil’chuk</surname><given-names>Yurij K.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography </p><p>Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vasilch_geo@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Maslakov</surname><given-names>Alexey A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography </p><p>Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Budantseva</surname><given-names>Nadine A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography </p><p>Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vasil’chuk</surname><given-names>Alla С.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography </p><p>Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Komova</surname><given-names>Nina N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Faculty of Geography </p><p>Leninskie Gory, 119991 Moscow</p></bio><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="en">Lomonosov Moscow State University<country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2021</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>15</day><month>07</month><year>2021</year></pub-date><volume>14</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>9</fpage><lpage>19</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Vasil’chuk Y.K., Maslakov A.A., Budantseva N.A., Vasil’chuk A.С., Komova N.N., 2021</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2021</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk Y.K., Maslakov A.A., Budantseva N.A., Vasil’chuk A.С., Komova N.N.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk Y.K., Maslakov A.A., Budantseva N.A., Vasil’chuk A.С., Komova N.N.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/1889">https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/1889</self-uri><abstract><p>The massive ice (MI) bodies are widespread phenomena on Chukotka coastal plains. Although they have been studying since 1930s, stable isotope method was applied for the ice beds quite recently. In this study cryostratigraphy and stable oxygen and hydrogen isotope composition of MI bodies on the extreme North-Eastern Chukotka (near Lavrentiya settlement and Koolen’ lake) have been studied in detail. It was concluded that studied MI bodies have intrasedimental origin and most likely are dated back to the Late Pleistocene age. Mean δ18O values range from –18.5 ‰ to –15 ‰ whereas mean δ2 H values range from –146‰ to –128 ‰ that is higher than expected for the Late Pleistocene ice bodies in this region, which most likely resulted from isotopic fractionation during freezing of water-saturated sediments in a closed system when forming ice became isotopically enriched compared with initial water. The analysis of co-isotope ratios for MI shows that initial water is mainly of meteoric origin (precipitation, water of lakes and taliks).</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>massive ice (MI)</kwd><kwd>cryostratigraphy</kwd><kwd>stable isotopes</kwd><kwd>freezing conditions</kwd><kwd>North-Eastern Chukotka</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group xml:lang="en"><funding-statement>This work was supported by Russian Scientific Foundation [grant № 19-77-00045, field studies] and Russian Foundation of Basic Research [grant № 20-05-00782, methodology of the study and calculations and grant № 18-05- 60272 «Arctic», isotope analysis].</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Abramov A., Davydov S., Ivashchenko A., Karelin D., Kholodov A., Kraev G., Lupachev A., Maslakov A., Ostroumov V., Rivkina E., Shmelev D., Sorokovikov V., Tregubov O., Veremeeva A., Zamolodchikov D. &amp; Zimov S. (2019). Two decades of active layer thickness monitoring in northeastern Asia, Polar Geography, DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2019.1648581.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Abramov A., Davydov S., Ivashchenko A., Karelin D., Kholodov A., Kraev G., Lupachev A., Maslakov A., Ostroumov V., Rivkina E., Shmelev D., Sorokovikov V., Tregubov O., Veremeeva A., Zamolodchikov D. &amp; Zimov S. (2019). Two decades of active layer thickness monitoring in northeastern Asia, Polar Geography, DOI: 10.1080/1088937X.2019.1648581.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bulygina O.N., Razuvayev V.N., Trofimenko, L.T., Shvets, N.V. (2020). Automated Information System for Processing Regime Information (AISPRI). Available at: http://aisori.meteo.ru/ClimateR [Accessed on 28 February 2020].</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bulygina O.N., Razuvayev V.N., Trofimenko, L.T., Shvets, N.V. (2020). Automated Information System for Processing Regime Information (AISPRI). Available at: http://aisori.meteo.ru/ClimateR [Accessed on 28 February 2020].</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">French H.M. (2018). The Periglacial Environment, 4th Edition. Wiley, 544.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">French H.M. (2018). The Periglacial Environment, 4th Edition. Wiley, 544.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gasanov Sh.Sh. Ground ice of the Chukotka Peninsula. In Permafrost of Chukotka. Magadan. Publ: SVKNII SO AN SSSR, 1964, 14-41. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gasanov Sh.Sh. Ground ice of the Chukotka Peninsula. In Permafrost of Chukotka. Magadan. Publ: SVKNII SO AN SSSR, 1964, 14-41. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gasanov Sh.Sh. (1969). Structure and formation history of permafrost of the Eastern Chukotka. Moscow: Nauka, 168. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gasanov Sh.Sh. (1969). Structure and formation history of permafrost of the Eastern Chukotka. Moscow: Nauka, 168. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kolesnikov S.F., Plakht I.R. Chukotka Area. (1989). In: Popov A. I, ed. Regional’naya Kriolitologiya (Regional Cryolithology). University Press: Moscow; 201-217. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kolesnikov S.F., Plakht I.R. Chukotka Area. (1989). In:  Popov  A. I, ed. Regional’naya Kriolitologiya (Regional Cryolithology). University Press: Moscow; 201-217. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Korolev S.Yu. (1993). Late Pleistocene glacier ice finding in the valley of the Amguema River (Northern Chukotka). Doklady of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 329(2), 195-198. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korolev S.Yu. (1993). Late Pleistocene glacier ice finding in the valley of the Amguema River (Northern Chukotka). Doklady of the Russian Academy of Sciences, 329(2), 195-198. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kotov A.N. (1997a). Features of cryolithogenesis in the ablation zone of Late Pleistocene glaciers. In: Results of fundamental studies of the Earth’s cryosphere in the Arctic and Subarctic. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 249-259. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotov A.N. (1997a). Features of cryolithogenesis in the ablation zone of Late Pleistocene glaciers. In: Results of fundamental studies of the Earth’s cryosphere in the Arctic and Subarctic. Novosibirsk: Nauka, 249-259. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kotov A.N. (1997b). Massive ice on the northern coast of Onemen Bay (Chukotka). In: Late Pleistocene and Holocene of Beringia. Magadan. Publ: SVKNII SO AN SSSR, 92-98. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotov A.N. (1997b). Massive ice on the northern coast of Onemen Bay (Chukotka). In: Late Pleistocene and Holocene of Beringia. Magadan. Publ: SVKNII SO AN SSSR, 92-98. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kotov A.N. (1998a). Cryolithogenic ridges in the Tanurer River valley (Chukotka). Earth’s Cryosphere, II(4), 62-71. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotov A.N. (1998a). Cryolithogenic ridges in the Tanurer River valley (Chukotka). Earth’s Cryosphere, II(4), 62-71. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kotov A.N. (1998b). Ground ice formation and problems of the regions of new development of Chukotka. In: Chukotka: nature and man. Magadan. Publ: SVKNII SO AN SSSR, 38-51. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotov A.N. (1998b). Ground ice formation and problems of the regions of new development of Chukotka. In: Chukotka: nature and man. Magadan. Publ: SVKNII SO AN SSSR, 38-51. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kotov A.N. (1999). Late Pleistocene cryolithogenic deposits and glacier ice in the valley of the Ekityki River (northern Chukotka). In complex studies of Chukotka (problems of geology and biogeography). Magadan. Publ: SVKNII SO AN SSSR, 93-102. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotov A.N. (1999). Late Pleistocene cryolithogenic deposits and glacier ice in the valley of the Ekityki River (northern Chukotka). In complex studies of Chukotka (problems of geology and biogeography). Magadan. Publ: SVKNII SO AN SSSR, 93-102. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kotov A.N. (2001). Peculiarities of occurrence, composition, and structure of layer-type ice deposits on the northern coast of Onemen Bay (Chukotka). Materials of the second conference of geocryologists of Russia, volume 1, part 2. Lithogenetic geocryology. Engineering geocryology. Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov 6–8 June 2001 Moscow: Moscow University Press, 218-225. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotov A.N. (2001). Peculiarities of occurrence, composition, and structure of layer-type ice deposits on the northern coast of Onemen Bay (Chukotka). Materials of the second conference of geocryologists of Russia, volume 1, part 2. Lithogenetic geocryology. Engineering geocryology. Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov 6–8 June 2001 Moscow: Moscow University Press, 218-225. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kotov A.N. (2005). Comparative analysis of the composition and structure of stratal ice deposits of Chukotka. In Materials of the third conference of geocryologists of Russia. Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov June 1-3, 2005 Volume 1. Part 2. Lithogenetic geocryology and soil cryogenesis. M .: Moscow University Press, 168-175. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kotov A.N. (2005). Comparative analysis of the composition and structure of stratal ice deposits of Chukotka. In Materials of the third conference of geocryologists of Russia. Moscow State University M.V. Lomonosov June 1-3, 2005 Volume 1. Part 2. Lithogenetic geocryology and soil cryogenesis. M .: Moscow University Press, 168-175. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mangerud J., Gosse J., Matiouchkov A., Dolvik T. (2008). Glaciers in the Polar Urals, Russia, were not much larger during the Last Global Glacial Maximum than today. Quaternary Science Reviews, 27(9), 1047-1057, DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.01.015.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mangerud J., Gosse J., Matiouchkov A., Dolvik T. (2008). Glaciers in the Polar Urals, Russia, were not much larger during the Last Global Glacial Maximum than today. Quaternary Science Reviews,  27(9), 1047-1057, DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2008.01.015.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maslakov A.A., Belova N.G., Baranskaya A.V., Romanenko F.A. (2018). Layered ice on the eastern coast of the Chukchi Peninsula during climate warming: some results of expeditions in 2014–2018. Arctic and Antarctic, 4, 30-43. (in Russian)).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maslakov A.A., Belova N.G., Baranskaya A.V., Romanenko F.A. (2018). Layered ice on the eastern coast of the Chukchi Peninsula during climate warming: some results of expeditions in 2014–2018. Arctic and Antarctic, 4, 30-43. (in Russian)).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maslakov A.A., Nyland K.E., Komova N.N., Yurov F.D., Yoshikawa K., Kraev G.N. (2020). Community Ice Cellars In The Eastern Chukotka: Climatic And Anthropogenic Influences On Structural Stability. Geography, Environment, Sustainability, 13(3), 49-56, DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2020-71.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maslakov A.A., Nyland K.E., Komova N.N., Yurov F.D., Yoshikawa K., Kraev G.N. (2020). Community Ice Cellars In The Eastern Chukotka: Climatic And Anthropogenic Influences On Structural Stability. Geography, Environment, Sustainability, 13(3), 49-56, DOI: 10.24057/2071-9388-2020-71.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Opel T., Dereviagin A.Yu., Meyer H., Schirrmeister L., Wetterich S. (2011). Palaeoclimatic Information from Stable Water Isotopes of Holocene Ice Wedges on the Dmitrii Laptev Strait, Northeast Siberia, Russia. Permafrost and periglacial processes, 22, 84-100, DOI: 10.1002/ppp.667.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Opel T., Dereviagin A.Yu., Meyer H., Schirrmeister L., Wetterich S. (2011). Palaeoclimatic Information from Stable Water Isotopes of Holocene Ice Wedges on the Dmitrii Laptev Strait, Northeast Siberia, Russia. Permafrost and periglacial processes, 22, 84-100, DOI: 10.1002/ppp.667.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Polyak B.G., Dubinina E.O., Lavrushin V.Yu., Cheshko A.L. (2008). Isotopic Composition of Thermal Waters in Chukotka. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 43(5), 429-453, DOI: 10.1134/S0024490208050027.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Polyak B.G., Dubinina E.O., Lavrushin V.Yu., Cheshko A.L. (2008). Isotopic Composition of Thermal Waters in Chukotka. Lithology and Mineral Resources, 43(5), 429-453, DOI: 10.1134/S0024490208050027.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soloviev P.A. (1947). Ice in permafrost soils in the Anadyr city area. Mineral resources of Arctic, Iss. 2, Moscow-Leningrad, 213-232. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soloviev P.A. (1947). Ice in permafrost soils in the Anadyr city area. Mineral resources of Arctic, Iss. 2, Moscow-Leningrad, 213-232. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shvetsov P.F. (1938). Permafrost and geotechnical conditions of the Anadyr region. Edited by Sumgin M.I. and Efimov A.I. (eds.). MoscowLeningrad: Publ. Glavsevmorput, 78. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shvetsov P.F. (1938). Permafrost and geotechnical conditions of the Anadyr region. Edited by Sumgin M.I. and Efimov A.I. (eds.). MoscowLeningrad: Publ. Glavsevmorput, 78. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shvetsov P.F. (1947). Groundwater and fossil ice in the area of the city of Anadyrand the Ugolnaya bays. Nedra of Arctic. Iss. 2. MoscowLeningrad, 204-211. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shvetsov P.F. (1947). Groundwater and fossil ice in the area of the city of Anadyrand the Ugolnaya bays. Nedra of Arctic. Iss. 2. MoscowLeningrad, 204-211. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sedov R.V. Chukotka glaciers. Materials of glaciological research, iss. 82. 1997, 213-217.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sedov R.V. Chukotka glaciers. Materials of glaciological research, iss. 82. 1997, 213-217.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk Yu.K. (2012). Isotope Ratios in the Environment. Part 2: Stable isotope geochemistry of massive ice. Moscow: Moscow University Press, 472. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk Yu.K. (2012). Isotope Ratios in the Environment. Part 2: Stable isotope geochemistry of massive ice. Moscow: Moscow University Press, 472. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk Yu. K. (2006). Massive ice bodies. In Vasil’chuk Y., Krylov G., Podborny Y. Eds. Cryosphere of oil-gas fields of Yamal Peninsula. Vol. 1. Cryosphere of the Kharasavey gas-condensate field.: Nedra, 160-193. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk Yu. K. (2006). Massive ice bodies. In Vasil’chuk Y., Krylov G., Podborny Y. Eds. Cryosphere of oil-gas fields of Yamal Peninsula. Vol. 1. Cryosphere of the Kharasavey gas-condensate field.: Nedra, 160-193. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk Yu. K. (1992).Oxygen isotope composition of ground ice (application to paleogeocryological reconstructions). Volume 1, 420 pp., Volume 2, 264 pp. Theoretical Problems Department, Russian Academy of Sciences and Lomonosov Moscow University Publications, Moscow (in Russian with English contents section).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk Yu. K. (1992).Oxygen isotope composition of ground ice (application to paleogeocryological reconstructions). Volume 1, 420 pp., Volume 2, 264 pp. Theoretical Problems Department, Russian Academy of Sciences and Lomonosov Moscow University Publications, Moscow (in Russian with English contents section).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk Yu. K. (2020). Some clear evidences of the intrasedimental origin of massive ice in northern Eurasia. Arctic and Antarctic, 1, 23-34, DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2020.1.32283 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk Yu. K. (2020). Some clear evidences of the intrasedimental origin of massive ice in northern Eurasia. Arctic and Antarctic, 1, 23-34, DOI: 10.7256/2453-8922.2020.1.32283 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk Yu.K., Budantseva N.A., Vasil’chuk A.C., Podborny Ye.Ye., Chizhova Ju.N. (2016). Multistage Holocene massive ground ice in Northern West Siberia. Earth’s Cryosphere, XX(1), 34-45. http://www.izdatgeo.ru.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk Yu.K., Budantseva N.A., Vasil’chuk A.C., Podborny Ye.Ye., Chizhova Ju.N. (2016). Multistage Holocene massive ground ice in Northern West Siberia. Earth’s Cryosphere, XX(1), 34-45.  http://www.izdatgeo.ru.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk Yu.K., Budantseva N.A., Farquharson L., Maslakov A.A., Vasil’chuk A.C., Chizhova Yu.N. (2018a). Isotopic evidence for Holocene January air temperature variability on the East Chukotka Peninsula. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 29(4), 283-297, DOI: 10.1002/ppp.1991.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk Yu.K., Budantseva N.A., Farquharson L., Maslakov A.A., Vasil’chuk A.C., Chizhova Yu.N. (2018a). Isotopic evidence for Holocene January air temperature variability on the East Chukotka Peninsula. Permafrost and Periglacial Processes, 29(4), 283-297, DOI: 10.1002/ppp.1991.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk Yu.K., Budantseva N.A., Vasil’chuk A.C., Maslakov A.A., Chizhova Ju.N. (2018b). Oxygen isotope composition of Holocene ice wedges of the Eastern Chukotka. Doklady Earth Sciences, 480(2), 759-763, DOI: 10.1134/S1028334X18060107.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk Yu.K., Budantseva N.A., Vasil’chuk A.C., Maslakov A.A., Chizhova Ju.N. (2018b). Oxygen isotope composition of Holocene ice wedges of the Eastern Chukotka. Doklady Earth Sciences, 480(2), 759-763, DOI: 10.1134/S1028334X18060107.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk Yu.K., Chizhova Ju.N., Maslakov A.A., Budantseva N.A., Vasil’chuk A.C. (2018c). Oxygen and hydrogen isotope variations in a recently formed massive ice at the mouth of the Akkani River, Eastern Chukotka. Led i Sneg. Ice and Snow, 58(1), 78-93, DOI: 10.15356/2076-6734-2018-1-78-93 (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk Yu.K., Chizhova Ju.N., Maslakov A.A., Budantseva N.A., Vasil’chuk A.C. (2018c). Oxygen and hydrogen isotope variations in a recently formed massive ice at the mouth of the Akkani River, Eastern Chukotka. Led i Sneg. Ice and Snow, 58(1), 78-93, DOI: 10.15356/2076-6734-2018-1-78-93 (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk Yu.K., Vasil’chuk A.C. (2017). Ice wedges in the Mayn River valley and winter air paleotemperature in the Southern Chukchi Peninsula at 38-12 Kyr BP) // Earth’s Cryosphere, XXI(5), 27-41, DOI: 10.21782/KZ1560-7496-2017-5(27-41)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk Yu.K., Vasil’chuk A.C. (2017). Ice wedges in the Mayn River valley and winter air paleotemperature in the Southern Chukchi Peninsula at 38-12 Kyr BP) // Earth’s Cryosphere, XXI(5), 27-41, DOI: 10.21782/KZ1560-7496-2017-5(27-41)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk Yu.K., Kotlyakov V.M. (2000). Principles of Isotope Geocryology and Glaciology. A comprehensive textbook. Moscow University Press, 616. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk Yu.K., Kotlyakov V.M. (2000). Principles of Isotope Geocryology and Glaciology. A comprehensive textbook. Moscow University Press, 616. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasil’chuk Yu.K., Murton J.B. (2016). Stable isotope geochemistry of massive ice // Geography, Environment, Sustainability, 3, 4-24, DOI: 10.15356/2071-9388_03v09_2016_01</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasil’chuk Yu.K., Murton J.B. (2016). Stable isotope geochemistry of massive ice // Geography, Environment, Sustainability, 3, 4-24, DOI: 10.15356/2071-9388_03v09_2016_01</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vasilchuk Yu.K., Vasilchuk A.C. (2018). The oxygen isotope composition of ice wedges of Ayon Island and paleotemperature reconstructions of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene of the North of Chukotka. Moscow University Geology Bulletin, 73(1), 87-99, DOI: 10.3103/S0145875218010131.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vasilchuk Yu.K., Vasilchuk A.C. (2018). The oxygen isotope composition of ice wedges of Ayon Island and paleotemperature reconstructions of the Late Pleistocene and Holocene of the North of Chukotka. Moscow University Geology Bulletin, 73(1), 87-99, DOI: 10.3103/S0145875218010131.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vtyurin B.I. (1964). Cryogenic structure of Quaternary deposits (the case of the Anadyr lowland). Moscow: Nauka, 152. (in Russian)</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vtyurin B.I. (1964). Cryogenic structure of Quaternary deposits (the case of the Anadyr lowland). Moscow: Nauka, 152. (in Russian)</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vtyurin B.I. (1975). Ground ice of the USSR. Moscow: Nauka, 214. (in Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vtyurin B.I. (1975). Ground ice of the USSR. Moscow: Nauka, 214. (in Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zamolodchikov D.G., Kotov A.N., Karelin D.V., Razzhivin V.Y. (2004). Active-Layer Monitoring in Northeast Russia: Spatial, Seasonal, and Interannual Variability. Polar Geography, 28(4), 286-307.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zamolodchikov D.G., Kotov A.N., Karelin D.V., Razzhivin V.Y. (2004). Active-Layer Monitoring in Northeast Russia: Spatial, Seasonal, and Interannual Variability. Polar Geography, 28(4), 286-307.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
