<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gesj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-9388</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-1565</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Geographical Society</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24057/2071-9388-2013-6-3-4-20</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gesj-137</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>GEOGRAPHY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>География</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>THE NATURE OF CYCLIC STRUCTURE OF THE ICE COMPLEX, EAST SIBERIA</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Konishchev</surname><given-names>Vyacheslav</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"/><email xlink:type="simple">vkonish@mail.ru</email></contrib></contrib-group><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2013</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>09</month><year>2013</year></pub-date><volume>6</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>4</fpage><lpage>20</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Konishchev V., 2013</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2013</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Konishchev V.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Konishchev V.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/137">https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/137</self-uri><abstract/><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>Ice Complex</kwd><kwd>cyclicity</kwd><kwd>content</kwd><kwd>mineralogy</kwd><kwd>weathering</kwd><kwd>soil</kwd><kwd>origin</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alfimov A.V., Berman D.I. (2004). The spread of thermophilic tundra-stepps and climate of</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alfimov A.V., Berman D.I. (2004). The spread of thermophilic tundra-stepps and climate of</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">the last glacial maximum in North-East Asia. Cryosphere, vol.VIII, N 4, pp.78-87. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">the last glacial maximum in North-East Asia. Cryosphere, vol.VIII, N 4, pp.78-87. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Baturin V.P. (1947). Petrographic analysis of the geological past by terrigenous components.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Baturin V.P. (1947). Petrographic analysis of the geological past by terrigenous components.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">AS USSR Press, Moscow, B, 339 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">AS USSR Press, Moscow, B, 339 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Black R.F. (1952). Growth of ice-wedge polygons of Northen Alaska Near Barrow. Bull.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Black R.F. (1952). Growth of ice-wedge polygons of Northen Alaska Near Barrow. Bull.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Geol. America, 63, N 12, pt. 2.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Geol. America, 63, N 12, pt. 2.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Dedkov A.P. (1975). On the slope accumulation in the Pleistocene periglacial conditions. In: Paleogeography</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Dedkov A.P. (1975). On the slope accumulation in the Pleistocene periglacial conditions. In: Paleogeography</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">and periglacial events of the Pleistocene. Moscow, Nauka, pp. 57–58 (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">and periglacial events of the Pleistocene. Moscow, Nauka, pp. 57–58 (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gasanov Sh.Sh (1969). Structure and history of the formation of permafrost of Eastern</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gasanov Sh.Sh (1969). Structure and history of the formation of permafrost of Eastern</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Chukotka. Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Chukotka. Nauka, Moscow. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gravis G.F. (1969). Slope deposits in Yakutia. Nauka, Moscow, 28 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gravis G.F. (1969). Slope deposits in Yakutia. Nauka, Moscow, 28 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gravis G.F. (1981). Some trends in cryogenic processes due to changes in the paleogeographic</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gravis G.F. (1981). Some trends in cryogenic processes due to changes in the paleogeographic</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">situation (the upper Pleistocene and Holocene of Yakutia, Transbaikalia, and Mongolia). In:</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">situation (the upper Pleistocene and Holocene of Yakutia, Transbaikalia, and Mongolia). In:</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">History of permafrost in Eurasia. Selected regions. Nauka, Moscow, pp. 102–113. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">History of permafrost in Eurasia. Selected regions. Nauka, Moscow, pp. 102–113. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gubin S.V. (2002). Pedogenesis the element of the formation mechanism of the Late</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gubin S.V. (2002). Pedogenesis the element of the formation mechanism of the Late</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Pleistocene ice complex. Cryosphere, Vol. VI. N 3. pp. 82–91. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Pleistocene ice complex. Cryosphere, Vol. VI. N 3. pp. 82–91. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gubin S.V., Zanina O.G. (2004). The role of cryosynlithogenic depogenesis in the formation</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gubin S.V., Zanina O.G. (2004). The role of cryosynlithogenic depogenesis in the formation</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">of the cold facies of the Pleistocene loess. Materials of the IV Congress of the Dokuchaev</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">of the cold facies of the Pleistocene loess. Materials of the IV Congress of the Dokuchaev</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Soil Science Society. Novosibirsk, pp. 234–236. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Soil Science Society. Novosibirsk, pp. 234–236. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gubin, S.V., Maksimovich S.V., Zanina O.G. (2001). Analysis of the composition of plant seeds</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gubin, S.V., Maksimovich S.V., Zanina O.G. (2001). Analysis of the composition of plant seeds</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">from fossil burrows of ground squirrels of loess-ice deposits in outcrop Green Cape as an</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">from fossil burrows of ground squirrels of loess-ice deposits in outcrop Green Cape as an</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">indicator of local environmental conditions. Cryosphere, Vol. 5, N 2, pp. 76–82. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">indicator of local environmental conditions. Cryosphere, Vol. 5, N 2, pp. 76–82. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaplina T.N. (1979). Spore and pollen spectra in the sediments of the “ice complex” coastal</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaplina T.N. (1979). Spore and pollen spectra in the sediments of the “ice complex” coastal</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">lowlands of Yakutia. Proceedings of the USSR Acad. of Sci., Ser. Geogr. Moscow, N 2, pp.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">lowlands of Yakutia. Proceedings of the USSR Acad. of Sci., Ser. Geogr. Moscow, N 2, pp.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">–93. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">–93. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kaplina T.N. (2009). Comments on the book by Katasonov Ye.M. “Lithology of frozen quaternary</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kaplina T.N. (2009). Comments on the book by Katasonov Ye.M. “Lithology of frozen quaternary</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">deposits (kriolithology) of the Yana coastal plain. OJSC “PNIIIS2 RAS, Sib. P.I. Melnikov</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">deposits (kriolithology) of the Yana coastal plain. OJSC “PNIIIS2 RAS, Sib. P.I. Melnikov</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Permafrost Institute, Moscow, pp. 154–175. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Permafrost Institute, Moscow, pp. 154–175. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katasonov Ye.M. (1954). Lithology of frozen quaternary deposits (cryolithology) of the Yana</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katasonov Ye.M. (1954). Lithology of frozen quaternary deposits (cryolithology) of the Yana</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">coastal plain. Ph.D.Thesis. Materials of the Permafrost Institute (after that – PNIIIS). (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">coastal plain. Ph.D.Thesis. Materials of the Permafrost Institute (after that – PNIIIS). (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Katasonov Ye.M. 2009. Lithology of frozen quaternary deposits (cryolithology) of the Yana</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Katasonov Ye.M. 2009. Lithology of frozen quaternary deposits (cryolithology) of the Yana</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">coastal plain. Ed. T.N. Kaplina. OJSC “PNIIIS2 RAS, Sib. P.I. Melnikov Permafrost Institute,</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">coastal plain. Ed. T.N. Kaplina. OJSC “PNIIIS2 RAS, Sib. P.I. Melnikov Permafrost Institute,</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Moscow, p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Moscow, p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kondratyeva K.A., Trush, N.I., Chizhov N.I., Rybakova N.O. (1976). On the characterization of</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kondratyeva K.A., Trush, N.I., Chizhov N.I., Rybakova N.O. (1976). On the characterization of</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">the Pleistocene deposits in outcrop Moose Khai on the river Yana. In: Permafrost research.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">the Pleistocene deposits in outcrop Moose Khai on the river Yana. In: Permafrost research.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vol. XV. Moscow. University Press, pp. 60–93. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vol. XV. Moscow. University Press, pp. 60–93. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konishchev V.N. (1981). Formation of dispersed rocks in the cryolithosphere. Novosibirsk.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konishchev V.N. (1981). Formation of dispersed rocks in the cryolithosphere. Novosibirsk.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nauka, 97 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nauka, 97 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konishchev V.N. (1983). Cryolithogenic evidence of the quaternary structure of the “Ice</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konishchev V.N. (1983). Cryolithogenic evidence of the quaternary structure of the “Ice</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit40"><label>40</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Complex” deposits in outcrop Duvanny Yar. In: Problems of cryolitology, Vol. XI, Moscow.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Complex” deposits in outcrop Duvanny Yar. In: Problems of cryolitology, Vol. XI, Moscow.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit41"><label>41</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">University Press, pp. 56–64. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">University Press, pp. 56–64. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit42"><label>42</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konishchev V.N. (2002). Paleotemperature conditions of formation and deformation of the</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konishchev V.N. (2002). Paleotemperature conditions of formation and deformation of the</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit43"><label>43</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">layers of the ice complex. Earth Cryosphere. RAS Press, Vol. VI, N 1, pp. 17–24. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">layers of the ice complex. Earth Cryosphere. RAS Press, Vol. VI, N 1, pp. 17–24. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit44"><label>44</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konishchev V.N., Maslov, A.D. (1968). Growth mechanism of syngenetic polygonal ice</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konishchev V.N., Maslov, A.D. (1968). Growth mechanism of syngenetic polygonal ice</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit45"><label>45</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">wedges. Moscow. University Herald, Ser. Geogr., N 4, pp. 65–72. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">wedges. Moscow. University Herald, Ser. Geogr., N 4, pp. 65–72. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit46"><label>46</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Konishchev V.N., Rogov V.V., Shurina G.N. (1976). Imapct of cryogenic factors on primary</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Konishchev V.N., Rogov V.V., Shurina G.N. (1976). Imapct of cryogenic factors on primary</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit47"><label>47</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">minerals (experimental results). In: Problems of cryolithology. Vol. 5, Moscow University</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">minerals (experimental results). In: Problems of cryolithology. Vol. 5, Moscow University</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit48"><label>48</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Press, pp. 50–60. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Press, pp. 50–60. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit49"><label>49</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Kovda V.A. (1973). Fundamentals of Soil Study. Nauka, Moscow. Book 1, 447 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Kovda V.A. (1973). Fundamentals of Soil Study. Nauka, Moscow. Book 1, 447 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit50"><label>50</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Krayev V.F. (1975). On the periglacial nature of loess cover rocks of Ukraine. In: Paleogeography</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Krayev V.F. (1975). On the periglacial nature of loess cover rocks of Ukraine. In: Paleogeography</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit51"><label>51</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">and periglacial processes of the Pleistocene. Moscow. Nauka, pp. 180–182. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">and periglacial processes of the Pleistocene. Moscow. Nauka, pp. 180–182. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit52"><label>52</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lavrushin Yu.A. (1963). Alluvium of plain rivers of subarctic zone and periglacial areas of</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lavrushin Yu.A. (1963). Alluvium of plain rivers of subarctic zone and periglacial areas of</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit53"><label>53</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">continental glaciation. Proceedings of the Institute of Geological Sciences of the USSR,</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">continental glaciation. Proceedings of the Institute of Geological Sciences of the USSR,</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit54"><label>54</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vol. 87, AS USSR, Moscow, 266 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vol. 87, AS USSR, Moscow, 266 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit55"><label>55</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leffingwell E. (1915). Ground ice-wedges, the dominant form of ground-ice on the North</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leffingwell E. (1915). Ground ice-wedges, the dominant form of ground-ice on the North</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit56"><label>56</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Coast of Alaska. Journal of Geology, 23, 635–654.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Coast of Alaska. Journal of Geology, 23, 635–654.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit57"><label>57</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Minervin A.V. (1982). The role of cryogenic factors in the formation of loess material. In:</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Minervin A.V. (1982). The role of cryogenic factors in the formation of loess material. In:</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit58"><label>58</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Problems of cryolithology, Vol.X, Moscow University Press, pp. 41–60. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Problems of cryolithology, Vol.X, Moscow University Press, pp. 41–60. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit59"><label>59</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Popov A.I. (1953). Features of lithogenesis of alluvial plains in the harsh climate. Proceedings</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popov A.I. (1953). Features of lithogenesis of alluvial plains in the harsh climate. Proceedings</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit60"><label>60</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">of the USSR Acad. of Sci., Ser. Geogr. Moscow, N 2. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">of the USSR Acad. of Sci., Ser. Geogr. Moscow, N 2. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit61"><label>61</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Popov A.I. (1955). The origin and development of a strong fossil ice. In: Materials for the</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popov A.I. (1955). The origin and development of a strong fossil ice. In: Materials for the</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit62"><label>62</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">studies on frozen areas of the earth crust. Moscow. AS USSR Press, pp. 5–24. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">studies on frozen areas of the earth crust. Moscow. AS USSR Press, pp. 5–24. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit63"><label>63</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Popov A.I. (1967). Permafrost conditions in the Earth’s crust (cryolithology). Moscow University</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Popov A.I. (1967). Permafrost conditions in the Earth’s crust (cryolithology). Moscow University</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit64"><label>64</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Press, 303 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Press, 303 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit65"><label>65</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ravsky E.I. (1972). Sedimentation and climates in Inner Asia in anthropogenic. Moscow.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ravsky E.I. (1972). Sedimentation and climates in Inner Asia in anthropogenic. Moscow.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit66"><label>66</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Nauka. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Nauka. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit67"><label>67</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Romanova M.A. (1968). Sorting of fragmental material of aeolian deposits of the central</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romanova M.A. (1968). Sorting of fragmental material of aeolian deposits of the central</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit68"><label>68</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">deserts. In: Questions of Mathematical Geology. Leningrad. Nauka, pp. 207–224.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">deserts. In: Questions of Mathematical Geology. Leningrad. Nauka, pp. 207–224.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit69"><label>69</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">(In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">(In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit70"><label>70</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Romanovsky N.N. (1993). Fundamentals of cryogenesis of lithosphere. Moscow. MSU. 139 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Romanovsky N.N. (1993). Fundamentals of cryogenesis of lithosphere. Moscow. MSU. 139 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit71"><label>71</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">(In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">(In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit72"><label>72</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rosenbaum G.E., Archangelov A.A., Konyakhin M.A. (1978). Thermokarst-cave ice of the</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rosenbaum G.E., Archangelov A.A., Konyakhin M.A. (1978). Thermokarst-cave ice of the</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit73"><label>73</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Yana-Indigirka lowlands. In: “Problems of cryolothology”, Vol. VII, Moscow University Press,</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Yana-Indigirka lowlands. In: “Problems of cryolothology”, Vol. VII, Moscow University Press,</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit74"><label>74</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">pp. 74–92. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">pp. 74–92. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit75"><label>75</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Rukhin L.B. (1961). Fundamentals of lithology. Gostoptekhizdat. Leningrad, 770 p.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Rukhin L.B. (1961). Fundamentals of lithology. Gostoptekhizdat. Leningrad, 770 p.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit76"><label>76</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">(In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">(In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit77"><label>77</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shantser Ye.V. (1951). Alluvium of plain rivers of the temperate zone and its role in studies</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shantser Ye.V. (1951). Alluvium of plain rivers of the temperate zone and its role in studies</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit78"><label>78</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">of the structure and formation of alluvial formations. Proceedings of the Institute of Geology.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">of the structure and formation of alluvial formations. Proceedings of the Institute of Geology.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit79"><label>79</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">USSR Academy of Sciences, Geology. series, N 55. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">USSR Academy of Sciences, Geology. series, N 55. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit80"><label>80</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shilo N.A. (1964). On the history of the subarctic zone lowlands of North-Eastern Asia.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shilo N.A. (1964). On the history of the subarctic zone lowlands of North-Eastern Asia.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit81"><label>81</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Proceedings NEISRI, Magadan, Vol. 11, pp. 154–169. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Proceedings NEISRI, Magadan, Vol. 11, pp. 154–169. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit82"><label>82</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shilo N.A. (1971). Periglacial lithogenesis in the general scheme of the process of continental</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shilo N.A. (1971). Periglacial lithogenesis in the general scheme of the process of continental</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit83"><label>83</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">rock formation. In: Periglacial processes. Magadan, pp. 3–56. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">rock formation. In: Periglacial processes. Magadan, pp. 3–56. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit84"><label>84</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Shumsky P.A. (1960). On the origin of vein underground ice. In: Collection of articles on</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Shumsky P.A. (1960). On the origin of vein underground ice. In: Collection of articles on</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit85"><label>85</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">general permafrost, Vol. 16, AS USSR. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">general permafrost, Vol. 16, AS USSR. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit86"><label>86</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sidorenko A.V. (1956). Aeolian matter differentiation in desert. Proceedings of the USSR</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sidorenko A.V. (1956). Aeolian matter differentiation in desert. Proceedings of the USSR</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit87"><label>87</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Acad. of Sci., Ser. Geogr. Moscow, N3, pp.3-22.Strakhov N.M. 1962. Fundamentals of the</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Acad. of Sci., Ser. Geogr. Moscow, N3, pp.3-22.Strakhov N.M. 1962. Fundamentals of the</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit88"><label>88</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">lithogenesis theory. Vol. 2. AS USSR Press, 549 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">lithogenesis theory. Vol. 2. AS USSR Press, 549 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit89"><label>89</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tomirdiaro S.V. (1980). Loess-ice formation in East Siberia during the Late Pleistocene and</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tomirdiaro S.V. (1980). Loess-ice formation in East Siberia during the Late Pleistocene and</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit90"><label>90</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Holocene. Moscow. Nauka, 184 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Holocene. Moscow. Nauka, 184 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit91"><label>91</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tomirdiaro S.V., Chernenky B.I. (1987). Cryogenically aeolian deposits of the Eastern Arctic</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tomirdiaro S.V., Chernenky B.I. (1987). Cryogenically aeolian deposits of the Eastern Arctic</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit92"><label>92</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">and Subarctic. Moscow. Nauka, 198 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">and Subarctic. Moscow. Nauka, 198 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit93"><label>93</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Tumsky V.Ye. (2012) Features of cryolithogenesis of deposits of northern Yakutia in the</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Tumsky V.Ye. (2012) Features of cryolithogenesis of deposits of northern Yakutia in the</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit94"><label>94</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Middle Pleistocene-Holocene. Cryosphere, Vol. XVI, N 1, pp. 12–21. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Middle Pleistocene-Holocene. Cryosphere, Vol. XVI, N 1, pp. 12–21. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit95"><label>95</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Udden I.A. (1898). The mechanical composition of wind deposits. Augustiana Libl. Publ., N 1.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Udden I.A. (1898). The mechanical composition of wind deposits. Augustiana Libl. Publ., N 1.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit96"><label>96</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Vtyurin B.I. (1975). Ground ice of the USSR. Ed. Nauka, Moscow, 214 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Vtyurin B.I. (1975). Ground ice of the USSR. Ed. Nauka, Moscow, 214 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit97"><label>97</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zanina O.G. (2006). Soils and natural conditions of the Karga period in the Kolyma lowland.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zanina O.G. (2006). Soils and natural conditions of the Karga period in the Kolyma lowland.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit98"><label>98</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ph.D. Thesis, Pushchino, 20 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ph.D. Thesis, Pushchino, 20 p. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit99"><label>99</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Zubakov V.A. (1966). Practice of geological classification of cryogenic phenomena. In: VIII</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Zubakov V.A. (1966). Practice of geological classification of cryogenic phenomena. In: VIII</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit100"><label>100</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Proc. Intern. conf. on geocryology (permafrost). N 2, Yakutsk, pp. 11–27. (In Russian).</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Proc. Intern. conf. on geocryology (permafrost). N 2, Yakutsk, pp. 11–27. (In Russian).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
