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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="en"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">gesj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="en">GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title>GEOGRAPHY, ENVIRONMENT, SUSTAINABILITY</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">2071-9388</issn><issn pub-type="epub">2542-1565</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Russian Geographical Society</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.24057/2071-9388-2016-9-4-28-32</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">gesj-117</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SUSTAINABILITY</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>Устойчивое развитие</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>INTENDED NATIONALLY DETERMINED CONTRIBUTIONS FROM THE MIDDLE EAST AND NORTH AFRICA</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="ru"><trans-title></trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Rahman</surname><given-names>Syed Mahbubur</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Bharara, Pabna 6600;</p><p>House 6, Main Road 3, Block A, Mirpur 11, Dhaka-1216;</p><p>Facuty of Business Administration, House 83/B, Road 4, Kemal Ataturk Avenue, Banani, Dhaka 1213</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rahman_s_m@yahoo.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Miah</surname><given-names>Mohammad Dulal</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Birkat al Mouz, P.O. Box 33, PC 616</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dulal@unizwa.edu.om</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="en">Association for Socio-Economic Advancement of Bangladesh (ASEAB);&#13;
PROGGA: Knowledge for Progress;&#13;
American International University-Bangladesh (AIUB)<country>Bangladesh</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="en">College of Economics, Management, and Information Systems, University of Nizwa<country>Oman</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2016</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>01</day><month>12</month><year>2016</year></pub-date><volume>9</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>92</fpage><lpage>100</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Rahman S.M., Miah M.D., 2016</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2016</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Rahman S.M., Miah M.D.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Rahman S.M., Miah M.D.</copyright-holder><license license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/117">https://ges.rgo.ru/jour/article/view/117</self-uri><abstract><p>All Parties to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) were requested to communicate intended nationally determined contributions (INDCs) in a clear, transparent and understandable way before the Conference of the Parties (known as COP21) held in Paris in 2015. The Contributions were supposed to be balanced and comprehensive to ensure sustainable development and expected to include finance, technology requires, technology transfer and capacity building aiming at mitigation and adaptation. This research focuses on investigating the INDCs prepared by countries from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), one of the most water-scarce and dry regions in the world. Following a content analysis, this research has found that INDCs from the region have not been able to reflect the desired output. Submissions were also not timely and not sufficiently ahead of time. Many countries were not able to disclose the current status. INDCs can play a significant role by providing objective, timely, and reliable information, which is missing at present in the countries from MENA.</p></abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>INDC</kwd><kwd>MENA</kwd><kwd>Climate change</kwd><kwd>UNFCCC</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Benzie, M., Davis, M. and Hoff, H. (2012). Climate change, water and energy in the MENA Region: why a nexus approach is crucial for mitigation and adaptation. SEI-GIZ Programme Adaptation to Climate Change in the Water sector in the MENA Region. Retrieved from the Stockholm Environment Institute website on 27 February 2016, http://www.sei-international.org/</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Benzie, M., Davis, M. and Hoff, H. (2012). Climate change, water and energy in the MENA Region: why a nexus approach is crucial for mitigation and adaptation. 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